medicine - a revolution in medicine 1800:1900 Flashcards
when was the microscope invented
1677
what happened in 1840 [henle]
Henle challenged the spontaneous generation, he suggested microbes were the cause of infection but was dismissed at the time
what was the lifespan of pasteur and who was he
- 1822 – 1895, French Scientist
when did pasteur publish the germ theory
1861
what did pasteur help to develop and when
the anthrax vaccine (1881) and the rabies vaccine (1885)
what did the germ theory help koch with
to make important discoveries esp 1876-1883
what was the lifespan of koch
1843 - 1910
what did koch discover
the specific germs that caused:
1876 – anthrax
1882 – TB
1883 - cholera
what did koch prove
cholera was spread in water as he found cholera in drinking water in India (1884)
Confirmed Snow’s theory of why cholera spread in London
when did koch and pasteur fall out
1882
when was the franco-prussian war
1870-1871
what did lister introduce which was influenced by both koch and pasteur
Lister introduced the French serum for diphtheria and within 10 years, the morality rate dropped to less than half
what was the reaction to koch’s work in britain
1876 – Tyndall lectured to British doctors on his discoveries
1879 – Cheyne translated his work into English and wrote a paper on Kochs findings
what was the reaction to pasteur’s work in britain
Started to accept the Germ Theory
1873-75 many British germ studies were published
Robert developed a doctor’s version of his Germ Theory of disease – linked laboratory research to practical evidence
1880s British Doctors accepted the Germ Theory and its role in explaining infection (surgery and public health benefitted)
what did ehrlich discover a magic bullet and what could it kill
1909 which could kill syphillis
when was nitrous oxide discovered and by who
1795 - beddoes and davy
what did clark do with ether
1842 - tooth extraction
who discovered chloroform as an anaesthetic and when
simpson 1847
who died due to chloroform and when
greener 1848
why was opposition to chloroform overcome
1853 Dr Snow convinced Queen Victoria to use it while giving birth
1858 Snow published ‘On Chloroform and other Anaesthetics’
what was the lifespan of lister
1827 - 1912
what did lister realise in 1860
operations went well if the wound was kept free from infection
what did lister do in 1867
o March 1867 – published his results and the Germ Theory as an explanation of antiseptic technique
o August 1867 – lectured doctors about his tecnhnique
who was the first person to apply the germ theory to surgery
lister
due to lister, death rate among patients dropped from what to what
46% to 15%
what was the average age of death for a working man in 1800s
30
in 1750 what was the population fo sheffield and what did it grow to in 1850
12k to 150k
what was the name for the attitude the government had to public health
laissez faire
in 1831 how many people died of cholera
32k
when was chadwick’s report published
1842
how many copies of chadwick’s report were handed out
over 30k
what did the chadwick’s report lead to
first public health act in 1848
what did dr snow do and when
1854 - link cholera to water supply
when was the great stink
summer of 1858
how much did london’s sewer system cost
£1 billion
when was london’s sewer system officially opened
1865
when could working men vote
1867
death rate fell from what in 1800 to what in 1900
39 to 18
the average age of death rose from 30 to 50 due to what
the great stink [sewage system built]
state 5 public health reforms that were brought in and when, then if possible what it was about
1848 – First Public Health Act
1853 – Compulsory vaccination against smallpox
1866 – Sanitary Act
o Local councils were responsible for sewers, water and street cleaning
o Every town had to have a health inspector
1875
- Sale of Food and Drugs Act
Guideline for quality and sale of food and medicines
- Artisans Dwelling Act (Housing Act)
Homeowners were responsible for keeping their properties in good order
- Second Public Health Act
when did pasteur publish the next stage of the theory, germs caused infection
1878
when did pasteur discover the vaccine for chicken cholera by chance thanks to his assistant Chamberland
1879
