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Pharmacology > Medications For Pain And Inflammation > Flashcards

Medications For Pain And Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 skeletal muscle relaxations

A

Carisoprodol
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Methocarbamol

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2
Q

Side effects of skeletal muscle relaxants

A 
Drowsiness
Sedation
Dizziness
Drug dependence 
HA 
GI distress
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3
Q

Nursing implementations/ patient teaching for skeletal muscle relaxants

A 
Take with food
Check vs
Don’t drive
Don’t take longer than 3 weeks then taper over 1 week to avoid rebound spasms 
Avoid alcohol & other depressants
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4
Q

Carisoprodol

A

A skeletal muscle relaxant

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5
Q

Action of Cox 1 vs cox 2 enzymes

A

Cox 1 protects stomach linings & regulates blood platelets

Cox 2 triggers inflammation & pain

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6
Q

Classes of anti-inflammatory drugs

A

NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
Antigout drugs

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7
Q

Nursing implementations for patients taking cox 1 or 2 inhibitors

A

Bleeding precautions

Take with food

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8
Q

Action of anti-inflammatory drugs

A 
Inhibit cox 1 and 2
Inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandins
Analgesic effects
Antipyretic effects
Inhibit platelet aggregation
Mimic effects of corticosteroids
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9
Q

What class of drug does aspirin fall under

A

Salicylates- cox 1 and 2 inhibitors

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10
Q

Use of aspirin

A

Antiinflammatory
Antiplatelet
Antipyretic

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11
Q

Possible drug interactions of aspirin (contraindications)

A

Drug interactions: increase action of anticoagulants and increase gastric ulcer risk when taken with glucocorticoids

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12
Q

Lab interactions of aspirin

A

Aspirin increases PT, bleeding time, INR

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13
Q

Aspirin precautions/ patient teaching

A

Do not take with other NSAIDs
Avoid during third trimester of pregnancy
Do not give to children with flu or virus symptoms (Reye’s syndrome)

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14
Q

Food interactions with aspirin

A

Foods containing salicylates

Prunes, raisins, licorice

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15
Q

Side effects of aspirin

A

Tinnitus, peptic ulcer, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity

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16
Q

Examples of propionic acid derivatives

A

Ibuprofens (motrin/ advil)

Naproxen (Naprosyn)

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17
Q

Side effect of propionic acid derivatives

A

Gastric distress (take with food)

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18
Q

Give an example of a cox2 inhibitor

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

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19
Q

Use of Celebrex

A

Decrease inflammation and pain without causing GI upset & bleeding

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20
Q

Auranofin classification and use

A

Gold drug therapy

Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

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21
Q

Action of Auranofin

A

Decrease leukocyte migration
Suppress prostaglandin activity
Stop progression of joint degeneration

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22
Q

Side effects of Auranofin

A

Stomatitis (mouth ulcers), photosensitivity, metallic taste, severe rash, corneal gold deposits, bradycardia, profound hypotension, hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotoxicity, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia

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23
Q

Contraindications for taking auranofin

A

Severe real or hepatic disease
Pregnancy, blood dycrasias, colitis
Systemic lupus erythematous

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24
Q

List examples of immunomodulators (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers)

A

Entanercept (Enbrel)
Infliximab (Remicade)
Adalimumab (Humira)

25
Q

Action of TNF blockers

A

Neutralize TNF
Disrupt the inflammatory process
Delay disease progression

26
Q

Use of TNF blockers/ immunomodulators

A

Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

Patient teaching for persons with gout (food considerations)

A

Avoid/ reduce intake of purine containing foods: salmon, liver, sardines, steak, shrimp…

28
Q

List examples of antigout drugs

A

Colchicine
Uric acid inhibitors
Uricosurics

29
Q

Action of colchicine

A

Inhibit the migration of leukocytes to inflamed site

30
Q

When is colchicine given

A

In acute gout episodes

31
Q

Contraindications for taking colchicine

A

Severe renal, cardiac, or GI problems

32
Q

Uric acid inhibitors example

A

Allopurinol

33
Q

Action of allopurinol

A

Decrease uric acid levels

Prophylactic to prevent gout attacks

34
Q

Nursing implications for persons taking allopurinol

A

Monitor CBC, liver enzymes, renal function

Increase fluid intake to increase uric acid excretion

35
Q

Examples of uricosurics

A

Probenecid

36
Q

Action of probenecid

A

Blocks reabsorption of uric acid & increases uric acid excretion

37
Q

Use of probenecid

A

Prophylactic- prevention of uric acid buildup

38
Q

Nursing implications for persons taking probenecid

A

Not to be given with other highly protein bound drugs

Increase fluid intake to increase uric acid excretion

39
Q

Acetaminophen is a _________. And it’s used for_____, _____, and _____.

A

Acetaminophen is non-opioid pain reliever. It’s used to relieve pain, discomfort, and fever.

40
Q

Adverse effect of acetaminophen

A

Toxic effects/ OD: hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia

41
Q

Acetaminophen is contraindicated in___.

A

Individuals with liver disease

42
Q

Max daily dose of acetaminophen

A

3 g/day

43
Q

Acetaminophen OD antidotes

A

Mucolytics

44
Q

Morphine, codeine, meperidine, and hydromorphone are all examples of:

A

Opioid analgesics

45
Q

Which opioid analgesic is not used as an antitussive?

A

Meperidine.

Morphine, codeine, and hydromorphone can all be used as antitussives

46
Q

Primary side effects of opioid analgesics and major adverse reactions

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, sedation, confusion, constipation, urinary retention, dizziness, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal symptoms

47
Q

In what persons would opioid analgesics be contraindicated

A

Head injuries, increased ICP, respiratory disorders, shock, and hypotension

48
Q

Nursing implications for persons taking opioid analgesics

A

Dont take with alcohol
Don’t operate heavy machinery
Assess pain levels
Check vs including respiratory rate

49
Q

Give an example of an opioid agonist- antagonist

A

Nalbuphine HCl

50
Q

Action of opioid agonist- antagonists such as Nalbuphine HCl

A

Binds with opiate receptor and increased pan threshold

51
Q

Use of Nalbuphine HCl

A

Decrease used of narcotic abuse
Can be given to someone who has a history of drug abuse
Safe to use during labor

52
Q

Side effects of Nalbuphine

A

Confusion, restlessness, abdominal cramps, & respiratory depression

53
Q

Contraindications of Nalbuphine

A

Not to be given to those with renal or hepatic dysfunction, head injuries, increases ICP, or decreased respirations

(Tip: think about the side effects of this drug to help you rule out individuals for which this drug would be contraindicated)

54
Q

Use of Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Antidote for opiate OD
Reverses the effects of opiates including respiratory depression, sedation & hypotension
Respiratory distress/ respiratory depression

55
Q

Side effects of Narcan

A

Tremors, sweating, HTN, tachycardia, excitement

56
Q

Nursing implications for Narcan

A

Monitor vital signs

Assess for bleeding

57
Q

Probenecid, Allopurinol, and Colchicine are all ____.

Which is prophylactic and which is for acute cases?

A

Antigout drugs
Probenecid is a prophy
Colchicine is for acute flareups

58
Q

Drugs like aspirin and NSAIDs inhibit cox 1, what does this mean?

A

If they inhibit cox1 then it blocks that enzyme from protecting the stomach lining and will also stop clotting.
This is why these drugs are irritating to the stomach and why bleeding is a concern.

59
Q

If a drug blocks the cox2 enzyme, what will happen?

A

Pain will be reduced and inflammation will be suppressed

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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