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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

OTC anti-emetics

A

Diphenhydrinate
Meclizine
Bisthmuth subsalicylate
Ginger

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2
Q

Nursing implications for anti-emetics

A 
Do not drink alcohol 
Do not take while pregnant 
Do not take while breastfeeding 
Take before vomiting begins 
No operation of heavy machinery until effects are known
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3
Q

Antihistamines used as antiemetics

A

Hydroxyzine

Promethazine

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4
Q

Anticholinergics used as anti-emetics

A

Scopolamine

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5
Q

Contraindications for scopolamine

A

Glaucoma

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6
Q

How should Promethazine (Phenergan) not be administered and why?

A

IV

Can cause tissue necrosis

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7
Q

Use of antihistamine/anticholinergic anti-emetics

A

Treatment of nausea and vomiting

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8
Q

Side effects of antihistamine/anticholinergic anti-emetics

A

Dryness

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9
Q

Use of promethazine

A

Motion sickness, vertigo, perioperative nausea and vomiting

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10
Q

Side effects of promethazine

A

Drowsiness, restlessness, hypotension, constipation, urinary retention

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11
Q

Route of administration for promethazine

A

PO, PR, IM, IV

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12
Q

Example of dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

Phenothiazines such as prochlorperazine and promethazine

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13
Q

Examples of phenothiazines

A

Prochlorperazine

Promethazine

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14
Q

Action of dopamine agonist anti-emetics

A

Suppress emesis by blocking dopamine 2 receptors in CTZ

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15
Q

Use of dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

Prevents vomiting
Reduce anxiety
Tx psychosis

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16
Q

Side effects of dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

EPS (tardive dyskinesia and akathesia)

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17
Q

Nursing implications for dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

Teach pts taking prochloroperazine of reddish-brown urine

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18
Q

Routes of administration of prochlorperazine

A

PO, IM, IV, rectal

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19
Q

Side effects of prochlorperazine

A 
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Hypotension
Photosensitivity 
Constipation 
Tardive dyskinesia
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20
Q

Examples of benzodiazepine ant-emetics

A

Lorazepam

Diazepam

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21
Q

Use for benzodiazepines

A

Tx for anxiety

N/V that occurs with chemotherapy

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22
Q

Examples of serotonin receptor antagonist

A

Dolasetron

Odansetron

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23
Q

Serotonin receptor drugs end in

A

-setron

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24
Q

Side effects of serotonin receptor antagonist

A

HA (severe requiring pain meds)
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Fatigue

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25
Q

Glucocorticoids end in

A

-one

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26
Q

Examples of glucocorticoid anti-emetics

A

Dexamethasone

Methylprednisolone

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27
Q

Use of glucocorticoids

A

Suppress emesis with chemotherapy

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28
Q

Example of cannabinoid anti-emetics

A

Dronabinol

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29
Q

Use of cannabinoids

A

Tx of N/V with cancer

Stimulate appetite for AIDs pts

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30
Q

Side effects of cannabinoids

A

Drowsiness, dry mouth, impaired thinking

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31
Q

Contraindication for using cannabinoids

A

Psych pts

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32
Q

Use of Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

N/v, vertigo, increase gastric emptying

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33
Q

Side effects of metoclopromide

A

Drowsiness, EPS, anticholinergic symptoms

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34
Q

Use of emetics

A

Stimulate vomiting to expel ingested toxic substances

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35
Q

Contraindications for emetics

A

Not to be given if a caustic agent was ingested

Not be if substance is unknown

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36
Q

Nursing implications for emetics

A 
Instruct to call poison control 
Use activated charcoal if vomiting is contraindicated 
Always know the substance 
Follow w/ 8 ounces of water 
Repeat doses 20-30 min apart
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37
Q

Examples of anti-diarrheals

A 
Loperamide (Imodium) 
Diphenoxylate HCl (Lomotil) w/ atropine sulfate
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38
Q

Opium derivative antidiarrheal

A

Diphenoxylate HCl (Lomotil)

39
Q

Action of diphenoxylate HCl (lomotil)

A

Slows GI motility

40
Q

Contraindications for antidiarrheals containing atropine sulfate (lomotil & imodium)

A

Due to atropine contraindicated in pts with glaucoma

41
Q

classifications of antidiarrheals

A

Opiates-opiate related agents
Octreotide
Absorbents

42
Q

Examples of opiate/ opiate-related agents

A

Atropine/Diphenyloxylate

43
Q

Action of opiates/opiate-related agents

A

Decreases intestinal motility

44
Q

Side effects of opiate/opiate-related antidiarrheal agents

A

Drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, weakness, urinary retention

45
Q

Contraindications for opiate/opiate-related agents

A

Liver & kidney disease

Glaucoma

46
Q

Use of octreotides

A

Severe diarrhea due to metastatic cancer

47
Q

Route of administration for octreotides

A

SQ

48
Q

Action of octreotides

A

Inhibits gastric acid, pepsinogen gastric, cholecystokinin, serotonin & intestinal fluid

49
Q

Example of absorbents

A

Bismuthsubsalicylate (pepto & kaopectate)

50
Q

Action of absorbents

A

COATs the GI tract & absorbs the bacterial/toxins that cause diarrhea

51
Q

Nursing implications of absorbents

A

Check for allergies to aspirin
Tablets must be chewed
Shake suspensions
May cause black, furry tongue & tarry stools if taken in excess

52
Q

4 types of laxatives

A

Osmotic (saline)
Stimulants
Bulk-forming agents
Emollients (stool softeners)

53
Q

Examples of osmotic (saline) laxatives

A 
Glycerine 
Mag citrate 
MOM
Fleet phosphasoda 
Fleet enema
54
Q

Use of osmotic laxatives

A

Relieves constipation, bowel prep, elimination of ammonia in liver disease (lactulose)

55
Q

Action of osmotic laxatives

A

Pulls water into colon & increases water in feces

56
Q

Contraindication for osmotic laxatives

A

Renal disease

57
Q

Side effects of osmotic laxatives

A

Flatulence, abdominal cramping, vomiting

58
Q

Action of MOM

A

Cover stomach lining, decreasing burning

59
Q

When should MOM be given?

A

In the AM for a BM in the PM

60
Q

Side effects of MOM

A

Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Dehydration

61
Q

Examples of stimulate laxatives

A

Bisacodyl (Docalax)
Senna glycoside
Castor oil

62
Q

How would you position a patient when administering bisacodyl suppository?

A

Lying down on left side with leg flexed

63
Q

Side effects of bisacodyl

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Abdominal discomfort
Loss of potassium
Cramping

64
Q

Examples of Bulk forming laxatives

A

Metamucil
Citrucel
Fibercan

65
Q

Action of bulk-forming laxatives

A

Natural fiber substance absorbs water and softens stools

Increases peristalsis

66
Q

Side effects of bulk-forming laxatives

A

Abdominal cramping
Flatus
Nausea

67
Q

Types of anti ulcer drugs

A 
Tranquilizers 
Anticholinergics 
Antacids 
H2 blockers 
PPI's (Proton pump inhibitors) 
Pepsin 
Prostglandid E1 Analog
68
Q

Example of tranquilizers

A

Chlordiazepoxide

69
Q

Action of tranquilizers

A

Minimal effects in treating ulcers; reduce vagaries stimulation & decreases anxiety

70
Q

Example of anticholinergic for ulcers

A

Glycobarium bromide

71
Q

Use of anticholinergics for ulcers

A

Often given prior to surgery to dry everything up

72
Q

Action of anticholinergics for ulcers

A

Relieves ulcer pain by reducing GI motility & secretions

73
Q

Side effects of anticholinergics for ulcers

A

Dry mouth, urinary retention, drowsiness

74
Q

Examples of antacids

A

Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium carbonate
Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide

75
Q

Action of antacids

A

Promote ulcer healing by neutralizing acid

76
Q

Side effects of sodium bicarbonate

A

Metabolic acidosis

77
Q

Side effects of calcium carbonate

A

Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, crystalluria

78
Q

Side effects of aluminum hydroxide/magnesium carbonate

A

Magnesium compounds cause diarrhea

Calcium causes constipation

79
Q

Examples of H2 blockers

A

Climetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Niztidine

80
Q

H2 blockers end in

A

-dine

81
Q

Action of H2 blockers

A

Prevents acid reflux in esophagus

Blocks H2 receptors of parietal calls of the stomach thus reducing gastric secretions

82
Q

Side effects of H2 blockers

A

HA, confusion, vertigo, diarrhea, constipation, decreased libido & impotence

83
Q

Contraindications for H2 blockers

A

Cimetidine cannot be used with impaired renal fx; if taken w/ antacids, effective is decreased

84
Q

Examples of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

A

Lansopraxole
Pantoprazole
Esomepraxole
Omeprazole (Prilosec)

85
Q

PPI drugs end in

A

-xole or -zole

86
Q

Action of proton pump inhibitors

A

Suppress gastric acid secretions

87
Q

Example of pepsin inhibitor

A

Sucralfate

88
Q

Action of pepsin inhibitor

A

Non-absorbable & combines w/ protein to form a viscous substance that covers the ulcer & protects it from acid and pepsin

89
Q

Side effects of pepsin inhibitor

A

Rash, dizziness, insomnia, diarrhea, constipation

90
Q

Nursing implications of pepsin inhibitor

A

Dosing 1 g AC/HS (before meals/before bed)

91
Q

Example of prostaglandin analogue

A

Cytotec

92
Q

Use of prostaglandin anologue

A

Prevent and treat peptic ulcers

93
Q

Action of prostaglandin anologue

A

Suppress gastric acid secretions & increase cytoprotective mucus in the GI tract

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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