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GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

OTC anti-emetics

A

Diphenhydrinate
Meclizine
Bisthmuth subsalicylate
Ginger

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2
Q

Nursing implications for anti-emetics

A 
Do not drink alcohol 
Do not take while pregnant 
Do not take while breastfeeding 
Take before vomiting begins 
No operation of heavy machinery until effects are known
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3
Q

Antihistamines used as antiemetics

A

Hydroxyzine

Promethazine

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4
Q

Anticholinergics used as anti-emetics

A

Scopolamine

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5
Q

Contraindications for scopolamine

A

Glaucoma

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6
Q

How should Promethazine (Phenergan) not be administered and why?

A

IV

Can cause tissue necrosis

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7
Q

Use of antihistamine/anticholinergic anti-emetics

A

Treatment of nausea and vomiting

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8
Q

Side effects of antihistamine/anticholinergic anti-emetics

A

Dryness

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9
Q

Use of promethazine

A

Motion sickness, vertigo, perioperative nausea and vomiting

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10
Q

Side effects of promethazine

A

Drowsiness, restlessness, hypotension, constipation, urinary retention

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11
Q

Route of administration for promethazine

A

PO, PR, IM, IV

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12
Q

Example of dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

Phenothiazines such as prochlorperazine and promethazine

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13
Q

Examples of phenothiazines

A

Prochlorperazine

Promethazine

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14
Q

Action of dopamine agonist anti-emetics

A

Suppress emesis by blocking dopamine 2 receptors in CTZ

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15
Q

Use of dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

Prevents vomiting
Reduce anxiety
Tx psychosis

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16
Q

Side effects of dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

EPS (tardive dyskinesia and akathesia)

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17
Q

Nursing implications for dopamine antagonist anti-emetics

A

Teach pts taking prochloroperazine of reddish-brown urine

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18
Q

Routes of administration of prochlorperazine

A

PO, IM, IV, rectal

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19
Q

Side effects of prochlorperazine

A 
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Hypotension
Photosensitivity 
Constipation 
Tardive dyskinesia
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20
Q

Examples of benzodiazepine ant-emetics

A

Lorazepam

Diazepam

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21
Q

Use for benzodiazepines

A

Tx for anxiety

N/V that occurs with chemotherapy

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22
Q

Examples of serotonin receptor antagonist

A

Dolasetron

Odansetron

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23
Q

Serotonin receptor drugs end in

A

-setron

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24
Q

Side effects of serotonin receptor antagonist

A

HA (severe requiring pain meds)
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Fatigue

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25
Glucocorticoids end in
-one
26
Examples of glucocorticoid anti-emetics
Dexamethasone | Methylprednisolone
27
Use of glucocorticoids
Suppress emesis with chemotherapy
28
Example of cannabinoid anti-emetics
Dronabinol
29
Use of cannabinoids
Tx of N/V with cancer | Stimulate appetite for AIDs pts
30
Side effects of cannabinoids
Drowsiness, dry mouth, impaired thinking
31
Contraindication for using cannabinoids
Psych pts
32
Use of Metoclopramide (Reglan)
N/v, vertigo, increase gastric emptying
33
Side effects of metoclopromide
Drowsiness, EPS, anticholinergic symptoms
34
Use of emetics
Stimulate vomiting to expel ingested toxic substances
35
Contraindications for emetics
Not to be given if a caustic agent was ingested | Not be if substance is unknown
36
Nursing implications for emetics
``` Instruct to call poison control Use activated charcoal if vomiting is contraindicated Always know the substance Follow w/ 8 ounces of water Repeat doses 20-30 min apart ```
37
Examples of anti-diarrheals
``` Loperamide (Imodium) Diphenoxylate HCl (Lomotil) w/ atropine sulfate ```
38
Opium derivative antidiarrheal
Diphenoxylate HCl (Lomotil)
39
Action of diphenoxylate HCl (lomotil)
Slows GI motility
40
Contraindications for antidiarrheals containing atropine sulfate (lomotil & imodium)
Due to atropine contraindicated in pts with glaucoma
41
classifications of antidiarrheals
Opiates-opiate related agents Octreotide Absorbents
42
Examples of opiate/ opiate-related agents
Atropine/Diphenyloxylate
43
Action of opiates/opiate-related agents
Decreases intestinal motility
44
Side effects of opiate/opiate-related antidiarrheal agents
Drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, weakness, urinary retention
45
Contraindications for opiate/opiate-related agents
Liver & kidney disease | Glaucoma
46
Use of octreotides
Severe diarrhea due to metastatic cancer
47
Route of administration for octreotides
SQ
48
Action of octreotides
Inhibits gastric acid, pepsinogen gastric, cholecystokinin, serotonin & intestinal fluid
49
Example of absorbents
Bismuthsubsalicylate (pepto & kaopectate)
50
Action of absorbents
COATs the GI tract & absorbs the bacterial/toxins that cause diarrhea
51
Nursing implications of absorbents
Check for allergies to aspirin Tablets must be chewed Shake suspensions May cause black, furry tongue & tarry stools if taken in excess
52
4 types of laxatives
Osmotic (saline) Stimulants Bulk-forming agents Emollients (stool softeners)
53
Examples of osmotic (saline) laxatives
``` Glycerine Mag citrate MOM Fleet phosphasoda Fleet enema ```
54
Use of osmotic laxatives
Relieves constipation, bowel prep, elimination of ammonia in liver disease (lactulose)
55
Action of osmotic laxatives
Pulls water into colon & increases water in feces
56
Contraindication for osmotic laxatives
Renal disease
57
Side effects of osmotic laxatives
Flatulence, abdominal cramping, vomiting
58
Action of MOM
Cover stomach lining, decreasing burning
59
When should MOM be given?
In the AM for a BM in the PM
60
Side effects of MOM
Abdominal cramping Diarrhea Dehydration
61
Examples of stimulate laxatives
Bisacodyl (Docalax) Senna glycoside Castor oil
62
How would you position a patient when administering bisacodyl suppository?
Lying down on left side with leg flexed
63
Side effects of bisacodyl
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance Abdominal discomfort Loss of potassium Cramping
64
Examples of Bulk forming laxatives
Metamucil Citrucel Fibercan
65
Action of bulk-forming laxatives
Natural fiber substance absorbs water and softens stools | Increases peristalsis
66
Side effects of bulk-forming laxatives
Abdominal cramping Flatus Nausea
67
Types of anti ulcer drugs
``` Tranquilizers Anticholinergics Antacids H2 blockers PPI's (Proton pump inhibitors) Pepsin Prostglandid E1 Analog ```
68
Example of tranquilizers
Chlordiazepoxide
69
Action of tranquilizers
Minimal effects in treating ulcers; reduce vagaries stimulation & decreases anxiety
70
Example of anticholinergic for ulcers
Glycobarium bromide
71
Use of anticholinergics for ulcers
Often given prior to surgery to dry everything up
72
Action of anticholinergics for ulcers
Relieves ulcer pain by reducing GI motility & secretions
73
Side effects of anticholinergics for ulcers
Dry mouth, urinary retention, drowsiness
74
Examples of antacids
Sodium bicarbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide
75
Action of antacids
Promote ulcer healing by neutralizing acid
76
Side effects of sodium bicarbonate
Metabolic acidosis
77
Side effects of calcium carbonate
Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, crystalluria
78
Side effects of aluminum hydroxide/magnesium carbonate
Magnesium compounds cause diarrhea | Calcium causes constipation
79
Examples of H2 blockers
Climetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Niztidine
80
H2 blockers end in
-dine
81
Action of H2 blockers
Prevents acid reflux in esophagus | Blocks H2 receptors of parietal calls of the stomach thus reducing gastric secretions
82
Side effects of H2 blockers
HA, confusion, vertigo, diarrhea, constipation, decreased libido & impotence
83
Contraindications for H2 blockers
Cimetidine cannot be used with impaired renal fx; if taken w/ antacids, effective is decreased
84
Examples of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Lansopraxole Pantoprazole Esomepraxole Omeprazole (Prilosec)
85
PPI drugs end in
-xole or -zole
86
Action of proton pump inhibitors
Suppress gastric acid secretions
87
Example of pepsin inhibitor
Sucralfate
88
Action of pepsin inhibitor
Non-absorbable & combines w/ protein to form a viscous substance that covers the ulcer & protects it from acid and pepsin
89
Side effects of pepsin inhibitor
Rash, dizziness, insomnia, diarrhea, constipation
90
Nursing implications of pepsin inhibitor
Dosing 1 g AC/HS (before meals/before bed)
91
Example of prostaglandin analogue
Cytotec
92
Use of prostaglandin anologue
Prevent and treat peptic ulcers
93
Action of prostaglandin anologue
Suppress gastric acid secretions & increase cytoprotective mucus in the GI tract

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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