Cardiac & Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Class of drugs that digoxin falls under
Cardiac glycosides
use of digoxin
Helps the heart beat slower and stronger
Decrease HR; increase force of contraction
Signs of digoxin toxicity
Anorexia, halos around lights, flashes of light, weight loss, n/v
Nursing considerations for patients on Digoxin
Assess digoxin levels due to narrow TI, monitor K+ levels, assess apical pulse for 1 full minute and if HR is <60 bpm then hold meds.
Uses and side effects of nitroglycerine
Tx angina (not getting enough O2 & blood to the heart)
Low blood pressure
HA
Quick acting nitroglycerine
Sublingual tabs
Translingual sprays
For suspected heart attack
Severe pain & SOB
slow acting nitroglycerin
Nitro-Bid (patch) Nitro ointments SR tablets Daily doses to prevent angina Considered a prophylactic
Nursing implications for persons taking nitroglycerin
- monitor BP
Rise slowly, assess pain level (main thing to monitor for effectiveness); keep med on person at all times, discard opened bottle after 3 months, protect from light
A- avoid alcohol
N- note BP & apical pulse before admin
G- given to relax the vascular smooth muscle
I- indicated in angina
N- note for orthostatic hypotension
A- advise client to seek medical assistance if pain i unrelieved after 3 doses with 5 min interval
True or false all diuretics get rid of sodium
True
What are the different types of antihypertensive drugs?
Ace Inhibitors
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists)
ARBS
Nursing considerations for persons taking antihypertensives?
Avoid alcohol, hot tubs, & saunas because it can cause vasodilation
Advise them to limit sodium and fried foods
ACE inhibitors end in:
-pril
Beta blockers end in?
-olol
List four types of ace inhibitors
Captopril (capoten)
Lisinopril (zestril)
Enalapril (vasotec)
Quinapril (accupril)
Uses of ACE inhibitors
HTN, HF, & post MI
Side effects and adverse reactions of ace inhibitors
Postural hypotension,
fatigue *
renal insufficiency,
dry, non productive cough*
Examples of calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers)
Calanisoptin (Verampamil)
Cadizem (Diltiazem)
Procardia (Nifedipine)
Action of Beta 1 blockers
Acts on the heart
Will act like an anticholinergic
Decrease the excitability of the heart, workload and O2 consumption and lower blood pressure
Action of Beta 2 blockers
Will act on the lungs
Will act like an anticholinergic
Cause bronchodilation
ARBs
-sartan drugs
Examples of sartans
Valsartan
Irbesartan
Candesartan
Interactions to be aware of for persons taking -sartans
NSAIDS (decrease the effects)
Diuretics (cause hypotension)
Nursing considerations for persons taking ARBs (sartan) drugs
Administer without regard to meals
Review renal function tests
Salt substitutes or potassium supplement should not be used because they will increase potassium levels
Types of Diuretics
thiazide, loop, potassium sparing, osmotic diuretics
Thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics are:
Potassium wasting diuretics
Give an example of a loop diuretic and its use
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide
Used to treat CHF and HTN
Example of potassium sparing diuretic
Aldactone (spironolactone)
Give an example of an osmotic diuretic. When might it be used?
Mannitol
Used for acute renal failure, edema, increased intracranial pressure,
Also used to decrease intraocular pressure
side effects of osmotic diuretics
HA, confusion, tachycardia
Interactions of osmotic diuretics
Digoxin- increases the toxicity
Nursing considerations for persons taking diuretics (loop)
Monitor orthostatic hypotension
Hypokalemia (loop) (hyperkalemia if taking a potassium sparing diuretic)
Give in the morning
Know potassium levels before giving
Know fluid status: body weight, I&Os
Assess for allergies to sulfa or thiazide (loop)
Monitor for tinnitus and hearing loss (loop)