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Pharmacology > Cardiac & Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac & Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Class of drugs that digoxin falls under

A

Cardiac glycosides

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2
Q

use of digoxin

A

Helps the heart beat slower and stronger

Decrease HR; increase force of contraction

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3
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A

Anorexia, halos around lights, flashes of light, weight loss, n/v

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4
Q

Nursing considerations for patients on Digoxin

A

Assess digoxin levels due to narrow TI, monitor K+ levels, assess apical pulse for 1 full minute and if HR is <60 bpm then hold meds.

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5
Q

Uses and side effects of nitroglycerine

A

Tx angina (not getting enough O2 & blood to the heart)
Low blood pressure
HA

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6
Q

Quick acting nitroglycerine

A

Sublingual tabs
Translingual sprays
For suspected heart attack
Severe pain & SOB

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7
Q

slow acting nitroglycerin

A 
Nitro-Bid (patch)
Nitro ointments
SR tablets
Daily doses to prevent angina
Considered a prophylactic
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8
Q

Nursing implications for persons taking nitroglycerin

A
  • monitor BP
    Rise slowly, assess pain level (main thing to monitor for effectiveness); keep med on person at all times, discard opened bottle after 3 months, protect from light
    A- avoid alcohol
    N- note BP & apical pulse before admin
    G- given to relax the vascular smooth muscle
    I- indicated in angina
    N- note for orthostatic hypotension
    A- advise client to seek medical assistance if pain i unrelieved after 3 doses with 5 min interval
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9
Q

True or false all diuretics get rid of sodium

A

True

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10
Q

What are the different types of antihypertensive drugs?

A

Ace Inhibitors
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists)
ARBS

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11
Q

Nursing considerations for persons taking antihypertensives?

A

Avoid alcohol, hot tubs, & saunas because it can cause vasodilation
Advise them to limit sodium and fried foods

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12
Q

ACE inhibitors end in:

A

-pril

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13
Q

Beta blockers end in?

A

-olol

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14
Q

List four types of ace inhibitors

A

Captopril (capoten)
Lisinopril (zestril)
Enalapril (vasotec)
Quinapril (accupril)

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15
Q

Uses of ACE inhibitors

A

HTN, HF, & post MI

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16
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of ace inhibitors

A

Postural hypotension,
fatigue *
renal insufficiency,
dry, non productive cough*

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17
Q

Examples of calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers)

A

Calanisoptin (Verampamil)
Cadizem (Diltiazem)
Procardia (Nifedipine)

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18
Q

Action of Beta 1 blockers

A

Acts on the heart
Will act like an anticholinergic
Decrease the excitability of the heart, workload and O2 consumption and lower blood pressure

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19
Q

Action of Beta 2 blockers

A

Will act on the lungs
Will act like an anticholinergic
Cause bronchodilation

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20
Q

ARBs

A

-sartan drugs

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21
Q

Examples of sartans

A

Valsartan
Irbesartan
Candesartan

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22
Q

Interactions to be aware of for persons taking -sartans

A

NSAIDS (decrease the effects)

Diuretics (cause hypotension)

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23
Q

Nursing considerations for persons taking ARBs (sartan) drugs

A

Administer without regard to meals
Review renal function tests
Salt substitutes or potassium supplement should not be used because they will increase potassium levels

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24
Q

Types of Diuretics

A

thiazide, loop, potassium sparing, osmotic diuretics

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25
Thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics are:
Potassium wasting diuretics
26
Give an example of a loop diuretic and its use
Furosemide (Lasix) Bumetanide Used to treat CHF and HTN
27
Example of potassium sparing diuretic
Aldactone (spironolactone)
28
Give an example of an osmotic diuretic. When might it be used?
Mannitol Used for acute renal failure, edema, increased intracranial pressure, Also used to decrease intraocular pressure
29
side effects of osmotic diuretics
HA, confusion, tachycardia
30
Interactions of osmotic diuretics
Digoxin- increases the toxicity
31
Nursing considerations for persons taking diuretics (loop)
Monitor orthostatic hypotension Hypokalemia (loop) (hyperkalemia if taking a potassium sparing diuretic) Give in the morning Know potassium levels before giving Know fluid status: body weight, I&Os Assess for allergies to sulfa or thiazide (loop) Monitor for tinnitus and hearing loss (loop)
32
General Side effects and adverse reactions of diuretic drugs
Fluid & electrolyte imbalances CNS effects GI effects
33
Patient teaching for all antihypertensive drugs
``` Decrease salt intake Exercixe Stress management Dont abruptly stop taking Consult HCP before taking OTC or herbal meds Avoid alcohol, hot tubs, and saunas Monitor bp Avoid straining during bowel movements May cause impotence- don't stop taking meds just because of this ```
34
Route and action of Heparin
IV or IM; rapid acting Prolongs clotting time; interferes with the activation of fibrin & fibrinogen from thrombin and keeps the clots from forming
35
Uses of Heparin
Prevent DVT & pulmonary emboli | Used in persons at higher risk for strokes
36
Side effects of heparin
Bleeding
37
Nursing considerations for persons taking heparin
Monitor PTT due to narrow TI | Bleeding precautions
38
Antidote for Heparin sodium
protamine sulfate
39
Normal PTT vs. Ideal PTT on heparin
Normal is 60- 70 seconds | 90- 175 seconds on heparin
40
Route of administration of warfarin
Oral
41
Nursing considerations for persons taking Warfarin
Advise against foods hight in vitamin K (will increase clotting risk) Observe for bleeding Check PT levels
42
Normal PT levels vs. ideal PT levels on Coumadin
Normal is 10-14 seconds | Ideally 15- 35 seconds on Warfarin
43
Antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin)
Vitamin K
44
Antiplatelet drugs
Clopidogrel (Plavix) | Aspirin
45
Uses of Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Used to decreased incidence of vascular clotting, MIs, stroke, & acute coronary syndrome
46
Nursing implications for persons taking clopidogrel (Plavix)
Watch for skin disorders & flu-like symptoms Caution with HTN, hepatic, & renal problems, hx of bleeding Platelet counts before beginning & every 2 days for a week, then weekly
47
Uses of aspirin
Anti-platelet aggregation Anti- inflammatory Anti-pain Anti-pyretic
48
Side effects and adverse reactions of aspirin
Tinnitus, stomach pain, GI bleeding, thrombocytopenia
49
Contraindications/Precautions of Aspirin
Don't take with heparin or warfarin
50
lipid lowering drugs
Statins
51
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Meclizine (Antivert) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
52
Uses of antihistamines
Allergies & anaphylaxis Anxiety & pain Motion sickness & vertigo
53
Side effects of antihistamines | First gen vs. second gen.
Drowsiness, dryness (dry nose, throat, and mouth) Urinary frequency Hypotension First gen have more side effects and are more likely to cause drowsiness
54
Use of antitussives
For nonproductive cough
55
Use of expectorants
Thins secretions so they can be coughed up
56
Mucolytics
Breaks up mucus
57
Antidote of acetaminophen toxicity
Mucolytics
58
Management of Asthma
``` A - adrenergics (beta 2 agonists) (Albuterol) S - Steroids>>> reduce inflammation T - Theophylline>>> oral bronchodilator H - Hydration (IV) M - Mask O2 A - Anticholinergics ```
59
Examples of bronchodilators
Adrenaline | Theophylline
60
Uses of Theophylline
Tx for chronic asthma & COPD | Prophylactic
61
Side effects and adverse reactions of theophylline
(Same as bronchodilators)- n/v, anorexia, GI pain, GI bleeding, nervousness, dizziness, HA, irritability, cardiac dysrhythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, marked hypotension
62
Nursing implications for theophylline
Monitor serum or plasma concentration Avoid caffeine NOT TO BE USED AS A RESCUE for asthma Contraindicated in persons with seizure disorders
63
Action of corticosteroids
Reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune system
64
Corticosteroid drugs (examples)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Dexamethasone (Decadron) Prednisone (deltasone) End in -one
65
Side effects of corticosteroids
Edema, peptic ulcers, delayed wound healing, osteoporosis & infections.
66
side effects of digoxin (similar to Digoxin toxicity)
``` Bradycardia Dysthymia Anorexia Visual disturbances (halos) Hypokalemia ```
67
Examples of cardiac glycosides
Digoxin | Lanoxicaps
68
antidote for digoxin
Digibind
69
Commonly used nitrite drugs
Isorbide mononitrite Nitroglycerine Isorbidedinitrate
70
Interactions of nitrite drugs
When used with ( ED drugs) viagra, cialis, levitra, alcohol, beta blockers
71
Beta Blockers
-olol Atenolol (tenormin) Metoprolol (lopressor) Propranolol (inderal)
72
Side effects of beta blockers
Hypotension, decreased libido, wheezing
73
Contraindications for beta blockers
Heart block Bradycardia Pulmonary edema
74
Nursing implications for beta blockers
Monitor bp and P | Assess for chest pain
75
Action of beta blockers
Dec hr Dec force of contraction Dec rate of av conduction
76
Action of calcium channel blockers
reduces cardiac after load & Reduces oxygen demand All by dilating arterioles
77
Contraindications of Diuretics
Allergies to sulfa drugs or thiazide | Anuria
78
Side effects of loop diuretics
Hypotension, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, hypokalemia

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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