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Pharmacology > Endocrine Drugs And Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine Drugs And Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Normal blood glucose range

A

70-110 (this may vary by facility)

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2
Q

Rapid acting insulin

Example, route, nursing considerations

A

Humalog (Lisinopril)
Give sub Q
Give with meals because it acts within 5 minutes

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3
Q

Short acting insulin (example, route, when to give, onset, peak)

A 
Regular (humulin R and Novolin R) 
Given based on a sliding scale
Give with meals or before
Onset is 30 minutes
Peak is 2.5 hours
Given IV or Sub Q
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4
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

A 
NPH or Lente 
Cloudy 
Given at a specific scheduled time 
Onset is 1 hour
Peak is 4-12 hours
Check for low bs in late afternoon
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5
Q

Long acting Insulin

A

Lantus
Ultralente (levemir)
Onset is 1 hour
No peak

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6
Q

Combination insulin

A

Humulin or Novolin 70/30
This means 70 is NPH and 30 is R
Prevents the need to give multiple injections in those that receive both a short and intermediate acting insulin

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7
Q

How to correctly draw up insulin

A

Clear before cloudy

Not ready… ready now (air into NPH, air into Regular; draw up the Regular, draw up the NPH)

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8
Q

Side effects of insulin and the cause

A

Hypoglycemic (insulin shock) reactions: from too much insulin: HA, Lightheadedness, nervousness, tremor, diaphoresis; cold, clammy skin; tachycardia, slurred speech, memory lapse, confusion, seizures, blood glucose <60 mg/dL

Hyperglycemic reaction (Diabetic ketoacidosis): not enough insulin: extrm thirst,polyuria, fruity breath, Kussmal Resp, rapid thready pulse, dry mucous membrane, poor skin turgor, bs > 250 mg/dL

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9
Q

Describe Kussmal Respirations

A

Deep, labored, distressed, dyspneic breathing

Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

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10
Q

List first and second generation sulfonylureas

A

1st gen: tolbutamine and acetohexamide

2nd generation: glipizide and glyburide

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11
Q

What class of drugs are sulfonylureas?

A

Oral antidiabetics

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12
Q

Nursing implications for patients prescribed oral antidiabetics such as sulfonylureas

A

Assess for sulfa allergies

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13
Q

Action of 1st generation sulfonylureas

A

Stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to produce more insulin

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14
Q

Action of second generation sulfonylureas

A

Stumulate beta cells in the pancreas to produce more insulin AND alter the sensitivity of insulin receptors allowing increased binding

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15
Q

Give an example of a non-sulfonylurea oral anti-diabetic medication

A

Metformin

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16
Q

Action of metformin

A

Increase binding of insulin to receptors
Improve tissue sensitivity to insulin
Increase transport into skeletal muscles & fatty tissue

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17
Q

Give an example of an alfa-glucosidase oral antidiabetic

A

Acarbose

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18
Q

Action of acarbose

A

Inhibits or delays absorption of sugar from the GI tract (this one is not like the other oral diabetics)

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19
Q

Give an example of thiazolidinediones (an oral antidiabetic)

A

Pioglitazone HCl
Rosialitazone Maleate

-zone drugs

20
Q

Action of -zone drugs

A

Increase binding of insulin to receptors

Improves tissue sensitivity to insulin

21
Q

Give example of combination oral antidiabetics

A

Glucovance (glyburide/ metformin)

Its a combination of a sulfonylureas and a nonsulfonylureas

22
Q

Use of combination oral antidiabetics

A

Glucovance is used when more than one drug is necessary to control blood sugar

23
Q

What drug is given to raise blood sugar ?

A

Glucogen- its a hyperglycemia drug that is used to raise blood sugar by stimulating glycogen in the liver

24
Q

Nursing implications for persons taking glucogen

A

Teach diabetics that are prone to hypoglycemia to keep glucogen in the home
Teach family members how and when to administer

25
Q

Role of growth hormone

A

Stimulates growth in tissue and bone

26
Q

Drugs for growth hormone deficiency

A

Somatrem

Somatropin

27
Q

Drugs for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency

A

Thyrotropin

28
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone role and medication given when deficient

A

ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisol

Corticotropin

29
Q

Corticotropin is used for it’s _____ properties.

A

Anti-inflammatory

30
Q

Corticotropin is contraindicated in which individuals

A

Don’t take with aspirin because of increased risk of ulcers

Decreases the effect of anti-diabetics

31
Q

Side effects of corticotropin

A

Mood swings, increased appetite, edema, water and Na+ retention, GI distress, decreased wound healing, glaucoma/cataracts, ulcer perforation

32
Q

ADH medications and their use

A

Desmopressin and vasopressin
Used to promote reabsorption of water
Used for maintenence of diabetes insipidus

33
Q

Nursing implications for taking antidiuretic such as desmopressin/ vasopressin

A

I/O

Daily weights

34
Q

Thyroid gland hormones
Function
What mineral is needed?

A

Thyroxine T4; triiodothyronine T3
- regulate protein synthesis; enzyme activity
- stimulate mitochondrial oxidation
- lesser extent; calcitonin for regulating serum calcium
Need iodine for synthesis of T3

35
Q

Medication to treat hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxin

36
Q

Action of levothyroxin

A

Increase metabolism, body growth, & increase levels of T4

37
Q

Use of levothyroxin

A

Treat hypothyroidism

38
Q

Side effects of levothyroxin

A

Nervousness, insomnia, weight loss
Tachycardia, palpitations, HTN
Dysrhythmias, angina

39
Q

Medication to treat hyperthyroidism

Action?

A

PTU

Inhibit secretions of hormone

40
Q

Nursing implications for thyroid disorders

A

Monitor vs and weight
Admin thyroid replacement drug before breakfast
Check labels before using OTC meds
Advise reporting of symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Encourage med-alert tag
Warn of foods that inhibit thyroid secretion
Admin antithyroid drug w/ meds
Warn of iodine effects and presence in iodized salt, shellfish, OTC cough meds
Advise reporting symptoms of hypothyroidism

41
Q

Action of parathyroid hormone

A

Correct blood calcium deficit

42
Q

Use of calcitrol

A

Treat hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia

43
Q

Action of calcitrol

A

Promote calcium absorption from GI tract and renal tubules

44
Q

Contraindications for taking calcitrol

A

Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

45
Q

Side effects of taking calcitrol

A

Drowsiness, HA, dizziness, lethargy, photophobia, GI distress, hypercalcuria, hyperphosphatemia, hematuria

46
Q

Nursing interventions for persons prescribed calcitrol

A

Monitor calcium levels
Advise reporting of symptoms of hypocalcemia
Warn about checking OTC drugs for calcium content

47
Q

Symptoms of hypocalcemia

A

Tetany, twitching, tingling, numbness of fingers, spasms

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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