Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Adrenergics & Cholinergics > Flashcards

Adrenergics & Cholinergics Flashcards

1
Q

What affect do Adrenergic Drugs have on the body?

A
  • will give a “fight-or- flight” response
  • “can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t shit”
  • increased HR, BP, dilated pupils, bronchodilation, decreased urination, decreased GI motility, decreased uterine contraction, and decreased salivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What effect do Cholinergic drugs have on the body?

A
  • “feed, breed, pee, poo”
  • promote rest and digest
  • decrease HR/ BP
  • bronchoconstriction/ vasodilation
  • increased urination
  • increased GI motility
  • increased Uterine contraction
  • increased salivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What effect do Adrenergic Blockers have on the body?

A

Adrenergic blockers will act the SAME as cholinergic drugs.

- will promote a rest and digest response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effect do anticholinergics have on the body?

A

Anticholinergic drugs will act the SAME as Adrenergic drugs.
- will promote a “fight-or-flight” response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Non- selective
Increased HR and BP
Promotes bronchodilation
Is used for allergic reactions and to increase cardiac function.
My side effects include HTN, Tachycardia, & hypoventilation.
What am I?

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four types of adrenergic receptors? What do they act on?

A

Alpha 1- arteriole vasoconstriction, dilates pupils, increases cardiac contractility, increases bladder and prostate contraction
Alpha 2- inhibits norepi relase, promotes vasodilation & dec. BP; decreases GI motility and tone
Beta 1- increases HR, CO, & BP
Beta 2- dilates bronchioles & skeletal muscle blood vessels, inc. blood glucose, dec. GI tone & motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

I am Beta 2 receptor selective and promote bronchodilation. I am used to open airways. My side effects include nervousness, jitters, and tachycardia. What drug am I?

A

Albuterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What nursing interventions should be implemented for patients taking Albuterol?

A
  • assess O2 sat
  • monitor respirations
  • inform patient that they may feel shakiness or jittery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

I am selective for an Alpha 2 receptor.
I promote vasodilation and treat HTN.
What drug am I?

A

Clonidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nursing interventions should be implemented for patients taking Clonidine?

A
  • assess BP before and after administration of medication

- have patient rise slowly to avoid orthostatic HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What class of drugs are Alpha 1 Blockers?

A
  • zosin drugs (Prazosin & Doxazosin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effect will -zosin drugs have on the body? (How they will act, use, side effects, & nursing interventions)

A
  • adrenergic blockers so they will act like cholinergics
  • used to treat HTN & BPH
  • side effect includes hypotension
  • monitor BP and teach patients to rise slowly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

-OLOL drugs

A

Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What affect to Beta 1 blockers have on the body?

A
  • will act like cholinergics
  • beta 1 acts on the heart
  • beta 1 blockers will decrease BP, & P
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metoprolol & Atenolol are two types of ______?

A

Beta 1 Blockers; they will decrease BP and P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For what individuals is Propranolol contraindicated? Why?

A

Propranolol is contraindicated in individuals with respiratory problems because it promotes bronchoconstriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker. What does this mean?

A

This means that propranolol will act on both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors to decrease BP and P and to promote bronchoconstriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two different types of Cholinergic receptors? What type of tissue do they act on?

A

Muscarinic- acts on smooth muscle

Nicotinic- acts on skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List 3 cholinergics that are selective for Muscarinic receptors.

A
  1. Metoclopramide
  2. Pilocarpine
  3. Bethanechol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Use of Metoclopramide

A

Increase gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Use of Pilocarpine?

A

Promotes pupillary constriction to relieve glaucoma pressure

22
Q

Use for Bethanechol?

A

used to stimulate urination

23
Q

List 3 nicotinic receptors and their duration of action

A
  1. Neostigmine- short acting
  2. Pyridostigmine- moderate acting
  3. Edrophonium- short acting for Dx purposes
24
Q

What are the uses of cholinergics that are selective for nicotinic receptors?

A
  • to increase muscle strength in myasthenia gravis
25
Q

What are the major side effects of cholinergics that are selective for nicotinic receptors (neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium)

A
  • bradycardia

- increased bronchial secretions

26
Q

What is the action and use of Atropine? What class of drugs does it fall under?

A

Atropine is an anticholinergic so it will act like an adrenergic.

  • increases P, decreases motility and salivary secretions
  • used to treat bradycardia, peptic ulcers, used preoperatively to decrease salivation.
  • Atropine is also the ANTIDOTE for cholinergic crisis.
27
Q

What are the major side effects of the anticholinergic, Atropine? What are the nursing interventions associated with this medication?

A

Tachycardia, palpitations, blurred vision, dry mouth, abdominal distention, impotence, urinary retention, anticholinergic crisis

Monitor v/s, urine output, bowel sounds, & encourage/ provide oral hygiene

28
Q

What are the s/s of anticholinergic crisis?

A

“Hot as a hare, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, and dry as a bone”

  • increased temp
  • confusion, delirium
  • flushed face
  • decreased secretions; thirsty
29
Q

What is the primary action of anticholinergics used to treat parkinsonism?

A
  • decreased involuntary movements, tremors, & muscle rigidity
30
Q

Name 2 anticholinergics used to treat Parkinsonism. What are their primary side effects?

A

Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl

S/e similar to other cholinergics

31
Q 
What are the uses of antihistamines such as scopolamine and dimenhydrinate? 
What class of drugs do these fall under?
A

Used to tx motion sickness

They are anticholinergics

32
Q

What is the primary side effect of Clonidine?

A

Hypotension

33
Q

What is the affect of dopaminergic receptors? Where are these receptors found?

A

Located in the renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral arteries
Dopaminergic receptors promotes vasodilation to increase blood flow.

34
Q

What are Direct-acting adrenergic agonists? Give two examples

A

Directly stimulate adrenergic receptors

Ex. Epinephrine, and norepi

35
Q

What are indirect acting adrenergic agonists? Give an example

A

Indirect acting agonists stimulate the release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings.
Ex. Amphetamine

36
Q

What are mixed acting adrenergic agonists? Give an example

A

Stimulate adrenergic receptor sites and stimulates release or norepi at terminal nerve endings.

37
Q

Another name for adrenergic agonist

A

Sympathomimetics

38
Q

What contraindications and cautions should the nurse be aware of with Epinephrine?

A

Contraindicated for cardiac dysrhythmias, HTN, hyperthyroidism, DM, & pregnancy

39
Q

Inotropic

A

Strengthens myocardial contraction, increasing CO

40
Q

Side effects/ adverse rxns of Epinephrine

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias, palpitations

Tachycardia, HTN, Dizziness, HA, sweating, insomnia, restlessness, tremors, Hyperglycemia

41
Q

Possible drug interactions for Epinephrine and the effect

A

Beta blockers: dec. epi action
Digoxin: cause cardiac dysrhythmias
TCAs and MAOIs intensify and prolong the effects of Epi

42
Q

What are sympathomimetics?

A

Adrenergic agonists

43
Q

Potential drug interactions for Albuterol?

A

May increase effect with other sympathomimetics (adrenergic agonists), MAOIs, and tricyclic antidepressants

Antagonize effect with beta blockers

44
Q

Effects of Alpha 1 Antagonist at receptor site

A

Adrenergic antagonists will act like cholinergics (“rest and digest affect”)

  • vasodilation, dizziness
  • orthostatic HTN, reflex tachycardia
  • pupil constriction
  • suppress ejaculation
  • reduce contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate
45
Q

What are the side effects commonly associated with beta blockers?

A
  • bradycardia, hypotension, HA, dizziness, cold extremities, hypoglycemia, and bronchospasm
46
Q

What drug should the nurse have available to treat extravasation and tissue necrosis as a result of IV dopamine complications?

A

The antidote for IV extravasation of dopamine is phentoamine mesylate (Regitine)

47
Q

SE of Bethanechol

A

Blurred vision, miosis, Hypotension, bradycardia, sweating, increased salivation and gastric acid, N/V, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bronchocontriction, cardiac dysrhythmias

48
Q

Nursing interventions for bethanechol

A

Monitor BP/ HR, teach to rise slowly, auscultate breath sounds for rales, crackles from fluid congestion, monitor for possible cholinergic crisis (OD)

49
Q

For what individuals would a indirect acting cholinergic agonist be contraindicated?

A

Those with intestinal or urinary obstruction due to increased GI motility and urination

50
Q

For which individuals would Atropine be contraindicated?

A

Those with glaucoma

Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions