Medication Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of Medication (DSM)

Question 1

what is neuroleptic induced parkinsonism

Answer 1

parkinsonian tremor

muscle rigidity

akinesia (i.e loss of movement of difficulty initiating movement)

bradykinesia (slowing movement)

develops a WITHIN A FEW WEEKS of starting or raising the dose of a medication or after reducing dose of med used to treat EPS

Question 2

what is medication induced dystonia

Answer 2

abnormal or prolonged contraction of the muscles of the eyes (oculogyric crisis), head, neck, limbs or trunk developing WITHIN A FEW DAYS of starting or raising the dose of a medication

or after reducing dose of med used to treat EPS

Question 3

what is oculogyric crisis

Answer 3

abnormal or prolonged contraction of the muscles of the eyes

Question 4

what is medication induced akathesia

Answer 4

subjective complaint of restlessness

often accompanied by observed excessive movements (i.e fidgety movements of legs, rocking from foot to foot, pacing, inability to sit or stand still)

developing WITHIN A FEW WEEKS of starting or raising dose of med

Question 5

what is tardive dyskinesia

Answer 5

involuntary ATHETOID or CHOREIFORM movements

lasting at least A FEW WEEKS

generally of the TONGUE, lower face and jaw, and extremities

sometimes involves the pharyngeal, diaphragmatic, or trunk muscles

develops in association with use of a neuroleptic for at least A FEW MONTHS

Question 6

what is it called if dyskinesias arise after withdrawal or reduction in a neuroleptic medication

Answer 6

neuroleptic withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia

this is usually time limited

lasts less than 4-8 weeks

*if persists beyond this window its considered tardive dyskinesia

Question 7

what distinguishes tardive dystonias or akathesia from other med induced movement disorders

Answer 7

distinguished by their late emergence in the course of treatment

potential persistence for months to years even in face of neuroleptic discontinuation or dosage reduction

Question 8

what distinguishes tardive dystonias or akathesia from other med induced movement disorders

Answer 8

distinguished by their late emergence in the course of treatment

potential persistence for months to years even in face of neuroleptic discontinuation or dosage reduction

Question 9

describe medication-induced postural tremor

Answer 9

fine tremor

occurs during attemps to hold a posture

in assoc with med (i.e lithium, antidepressants, valproate)