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Medical terminology > Medical terms unit 8 > Flashcards

Medical terms unit 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

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2
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder; distorted perception of body appearance leads to fear of weight gain and refusal to eat

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3
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts w/contrast medium

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4
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile duct

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5
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

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6
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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7
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision into common bile duct to remove gallstone

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8
Q

colonoscopy

A

direct visual examination of inner surface of the entire colon

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9
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of artificial excretory opening between colon and body surface

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10
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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11
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can lead to dehydration

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12
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of small intestine caused by consuming substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens

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13
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

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14
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

procedure to establish an anastomosis between the upper portion of stomach and duodenum

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15
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into stomach

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16
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

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17
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of a feeding tube through the nose & into the stomach

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18
Q

hepatitis

A

pain or discomfort in digestion

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19
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating/drinking

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20
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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21
Q

proctologist

A

specialist in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

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22
Q

rectocele

A

bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina

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23
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

examination of the interior of the rectum, the lowest section of the colon, and portion of descending colon

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24
Q

antiemetic

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

25
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

26
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

27
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned with prevention & control of obesity and related conditions

28
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in the intestine

29
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder; distorted body image leads to binge eating and purging

30
Q

cachexia

A

condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass

31
Q

celiac disease

A

inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to gluten

32
Q

cheilosis

A

disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores that the corners of the mouth

33
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver w/scarring

34
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic autoimmune disorder in the digestive tract

35
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

36
Q

diverticulosis

A

chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

37
Q

eructation

A

act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

38
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

39
Q

Hemoccult test

A

laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

40
Q

herpes labialis

A

blister-like sores of the lips and admacent facial tissue (cold sores)

41
Q

hiatal hernia

A

anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through opening in the diaphragm

42
Q

ileus

A

partial or complete blockage of small or large intestine

43
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

44
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

45
Q

leukoplakia

A

abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek

46
Q

melena

A

passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

47
Q

morbid obesity

A

condition of weighing 2 or more times ideal weight

48
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

49
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip

50
Q

peptic ulcers

A

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

51
Q

peristalsis

A

series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves food forward into the digestive system

52
Q

polyp

A

mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

53
Q

regurgitation

A

return of swallowed food into the mouth

54
Q

salmonellosis

A

an infection transmitted by animal feces or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats, eggs, or unpasteurized milk and cheese products

55
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth or oral cavity

56
Q

trismus

A

restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation for oral cancer

57
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic condition of unknown cause with repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine causing ulcers

58
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction

59
Q

xerostomia

A

lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

Medical terminology (16 decks)

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