Medical terms unit 8 Flashcards
anastomosis
surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder; distorted perception of body appearance leads to fear of weight gain and refusal to eat
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts w/contrast medium
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile duct
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
choledocholithotomy
incision into common bile duct to remove gallstone
colonoscopy
direct visual examination of inner surface of the entire colon
colostomy
surgical creation of artificial excretory opening between colon and body surface
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can lead to dehydration
enteritis
inflammation of small intestine caused by consuming substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
gastroduodenostomy
procedure to establish an anastomosis between the upper portion of stomach and duodenum
gastrostomy tube
surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
nasogastric intubation
placement of a feeding tube through the nose & into the stomach
hepatitis
pain or discomfort in digestion
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating/drinking
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
proctologist
specialist in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
rectocele
bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina
sigmoidoscopy
examination of the interior of the rectum, the lowest section of the colon, and portion of descending colon
antiemetic
medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
aphthous ulcers
gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
bariatrics
branch of medicine concerned with prevention & control of obesity and related conditions
borborygmus
rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in the intestine
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder; distorted body image leads to binge eating and purging
cachexia
condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass
celiac disease
inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to gluten
cheilosis
disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores that the corners of the mouth
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver w/scarring
Crohn’s disease
chronic autoimmune disorder in the digestive tract
diverticulitis
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon
diverticulosis
chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon
eructation
act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
Hemoccult test
laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool
herpes labialis
blister-like sores of the lips and admacent facial tissue (cold sores)
hiatal hernia
anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through opening in the diaphragm
ileus
partial or complete blockage of small or large intestine
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
leukoplakia
abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek
melena
passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools
morbid obesity
condition of weighing 2 or more times ideal weight
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
peristalsis
series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves food forward into the digestive system
polyp
mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
regurgitation
return of swallowed food into the mouth
salmonellosis
an infection transmitted by animal feces or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats, eggs, or unpasteurized milk and cheese products
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth or oral cavity
trismus
restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation for oral cancer
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause with repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine causing ulcers
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction
xerostomia
lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands
