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Medical terminology > Medical terms unit 13 > Flashcards

Medical terms unit 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acromegaly

A

rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

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2
Q

acromion

A

extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

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3
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal glands

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4
Q

crinogenic

A

stimulating the production of secretions

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5
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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6
Q

hyperglycemia

A

abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

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7
Q

hypoglycemia

A

abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood

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8
Q

gonadotropin

A

any hormone that stimulates the gonads

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9
Q

cretinism

A

congenital form of hypothyroidism that causes arrested physical & mental development

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10
Q

gigantism

A

abnormal growth of entire body caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty

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11
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the blood

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12
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

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13
Q

pancreatectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas

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14
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands

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15
Q

pinealoma

A

tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin

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16
Q

pinealectomy

A

surgical removal of the pineal gland

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17
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly & gigantism

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18
Q

pituitary adenema

A

slow-growing benign tumors of the pituitary gland

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19
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

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20
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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21
Q

somatotropic hormone

A

hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, & other body tissues

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22
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus gland

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23
Q

thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland

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24
Q

thymosin

A

stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T-cells

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25
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overproduction of thyroid hormones causing metabolism imbalance

26
Q

aldosteronism

A

abnormal electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

27
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

secreted by the hypothalamus & stored in the pituitary gland; reduces the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

28
Q

calcitonin

A

produced by the thyroid; works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood & tissues

29
Q

cortisol

A

corticoid steroid that has anit-inflammatory action

30
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH

31
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia

32
Q

electrolytes

A

essential minerals found in body fluids & tissues

33
Q

epinephrine

A

a hormone & neurotransmitter that stimulates heart rate, blood pressure, & sugar metabolism

34
Q

estrogen

A

secreted by ovaries to develop & maintain female secondary sex characteristics & regulate menstrual cycle

35
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

36
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates ova production in the ovaries and sperm in the testes

37
Q

fructosamine test

A

measurement of average glucose levels over three-week period

38
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

diabetic condition that occurs during pregnancy & usually disappears after delivery

39
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by the pancreas in response to low levels of glucose in the bloodstream

40
Q

glucose

A

blood sugar

41
Q

Grave’s disease

A

disorder caused by immune system attack of thyroid gland stimulating excessive production of thyroid hormone

42
Q

growth hormone

A

a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, & other body tissues

43
Q

gynecomastia

A

excessive mammary development in males

44
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack & destroy cells in the thyroid gland

45
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood

46
Q

hypothyroidism

A

underactive thyroid caused by deficiency of thyroid secretion

47
Q

insulin

A

a hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to regulate blood sugar levels

48
Q

insulinoma

A

benign tumor of the pancreas causing increased secretion of insulin

49
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands

50
Q

leptin

A

protein hormone secreted by fat cells; regulates appetite

51
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates ovulation in females; stimulates secretion of testosterone in males

52
Q

myxedema

A

adult onset of extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion

53
Q

norepinephrine

A

released as a hormone by both the adrenal & nervous systems; raises blood pressure, strengthens heartbeat, stimulates muscle contractions

54
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

55
Q

progesterone

A

released by ovaries during second half of menstrual cycle to prepare uterus for possible pregnancy

56
Q

prolactinoma

A

benign tumor of the pituitary gland causing production of too much lactogenic hormone

57
Q

puberty

A

the process of sexual maturation in the male and female body

58
Q

steroids

A

secreted by endocrine glands to relieve swelling & inflammation

59
Q

testosterone

A

steroid hormone secreted by testicles & adrenal cortex to stimulate development of male secondary sex characteristics

60
Q

thyroxine

A

regulates the rate of metabolism & affects the growth & rate of function of other body systems

Medical terminology (16 decks)

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