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Medical terminology > Medical terms unit 3 > Flashcards

Medical terms unit 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

allogenic

A

originating within another

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2
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

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3
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone is splintered or crushed

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4
Q

compression fracture

A

caused when bone is compressed on itself

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5
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound when ends of broken bone move together

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6
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

low-exposure radiographic measurement of spine & hips to measure bone density

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7
Q

fibrous dysplasia

A

bone disorder of unknown cause (destroys bone structure & replaces with scar-like tissue)

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8
Q

hallux valgus

A

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

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9
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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10
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood

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11
Q

internal fixation

A

a fracture treatment using plates or pins to hold broken pieces in place

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12
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder in children causing stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue

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13
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of a lamina (posterior portion of a vertebra)

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14
Q

lumbago

A

pain of the lumbar region of the spine (low back pain)

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15
Q

malleolus

A

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula at either side of the ankle joint

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16
Q

metacarpals

A

five bones that form the palms of the hands

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17
Q

metatarsals

A

five bones that form the part of the foot where the toes are attached

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18
Q

open fracture

A

bone is broken and there is open wound in skin

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19
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating bone, joint, and muscle diseases/disorders

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20
Q

orthotic

A

mechanical appliance used to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

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21
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of the joint (associated with aging)

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22
Q

osteonecrosis

A

death of bone tissue from insufficient blood supply

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23
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

broken hip usually from osteoporosis

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24
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

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25
Q

Paget’s disease

A

bone disease of unknown cause, breakdown of bone tissue & abnormal bone formation

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26
Q

pathologic fracture

A

weakened bone breaks under normal strain

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27
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

procedure to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

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28
Q

podiatrist

A

specialist in diagnosing and treating foot disorders

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29
Q

prosthesis

A

substitute for diseased or missing body part

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30
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder; immune system attacks joints, organs, other body systems

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31
Q

rickets

A

defective bone growth in children due to vitamin D deficiency

32
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defect; spinal canal fails to close completely around spinal cord

33
Q

spiral fracture

A

fracture caused by bone twisting apart

34
Q

subluxation

A

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

35
Q

vertebrae

A

26 bony units in the spinal column

36
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae (a form of rheumatoid arthritis)

37
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the internal structure of the joint

38
Q

chondroma

A

slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

39
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

40
Q

osteochondroma

A

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

41
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

42
Q

craniostenosis

A

malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures

43
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

44
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine

45
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

46
Q

arthrolysis

A

surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

47
Q

myeloma

A

cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in red bone marrow

48
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

49
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

50
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones

51
Q

osteoclasis

A

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

52
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density

53
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density and increased bone porosity

54
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of the periosteum

55
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

56
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of a lower lumbar vertebrae or sacrum

57
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative disorder that can cause loss of normal spinal structure and function

58
Q

synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

59
Q

acetabulum

A

large circular cavity in each side of pelvis (hip joint)

60
Q

Manubrium

A

bony structure that forms middle portion of sternum

61
Q

ankyl/o-

A

crooked, bent, stiff

62
Q

arthr/o-

A

joint

63
Q

chondr/i- chondr/o-

A

cartilage

64
Q

cost/o

A

rib

65
Q

crani/o

A

skull

66
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

67
Q

-kyph/o

A

bent, hump

68
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

69
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, seperation, setting free, destruction, loosening

70
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

71
Q

oss/e/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

72
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

73
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

74
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

75
Q

um

A

singular noun ending

Medical terminology (16 decks)

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