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Medical terminology > Medical terms Unit 10 > Flashcards

Medical terms Unit 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

causalgia

A

severe burning pain caused by injury to a sensory nerve

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2
Q

cerebral palsy

A

condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defect, and other neurologic deficiencies

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3
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

damage to the brain that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted

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4
Q

concussion

A

violent shaking or jarring of the brain

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5
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain tissue as a result of a head injury causing the brain to bounce against skull bone

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6
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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7
Q

electroencephalography

A

recording the electrical activity through electrodes attached to the scalp

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8
Q

hyperesthesia

A

condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

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9
Q

paresthesia

A

burning or prickling sensation usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet

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10
Q

anesthetic

A

medication used to prevent pain during surgery and other procedures

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11
Q

anesthetist

A

medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia

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12
Q

myelography

A

radiographic study of the spinal cord

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13
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

meningocele

A

congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

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15
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord & bone marrow

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16
Q

myelosis

A

tumor of the spinal cord & bone marrow

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17
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of the neuron to the target receptor

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18
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain & spinal cord
neuroplasty - surgical repair of a nerve

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19
Q

acrophobia

A

excessive fear of heights

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20
Q

claustrophobia

A

abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces

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21
Q

psychologist

A

a specialist with a doctoral degree who evaluates and treats emotional problems & mental illness

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22
Q

psychiatrist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness

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23
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck

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24
Q

neurotropic

A

medication, toxin, or virus that tends to attack the nervous system

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25
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

group of disorders involving parts of the brain that control thought, memory, & language

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26
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

27
Q

anxiety disorder

A

mental condition characterized by excessive irrational dread of everyday situations

28
Q

autism

A

broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, & nonverbal behaviors

29
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve causing paralysis of the affected side of the face

30
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

diagnostic test to detect plaque buildup in the carotid artery

31
Q

cognition

A

mental activities associated with thinking, learning, & memory

32
Q

coma

A

deep state of unconsciousness marked by absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, & lack of speech

33
Q

cranial hematoma

A

collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

34
Q

delirium

A

acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking & memory, agitation, and hallucinations

35
Q

delirium tremens

A

disorder involving sudden & severe mental changes or seizures after abruptly discontinuing alcohol use

36
Q

delusion

A

false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary

37
Q

dementia

A

slow progressive decline in mental abilities

38
Q

dura mater

A

thick outermost membrane of the meninges

39
Q

dyslexia

A

learning disability cause by brain’s inability to process symbols

40
Q

echoencephalography

A

use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed image of the brain

41
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space or lumbar or sacral region of the spine

42
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic neurological condition w/recurrent episodes of seizures

43
Q

factitious disorder

A

serious mental disorder in which individual intentionally presents false medical or psychiatric symptoms

44
Q

Guillan-Barré syndrome

A

inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves

45
Q

hallucination

A

a sensor perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation

46
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding in the brain caused by a leaking blood vessel or a ruptured aneurysm

47
Q

hydrocephalus

A

condition in which excess cerbrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

48
Q

hypochondriasis

A

unrealistic fear that one is seriously ill despite medical evidence to the contrary

49
Q

ischemic stroke

A

event that occurs when blood to the brain is blocked by narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery

50
Q

lethargy

A

lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessnes, drowsiness, & apathy

51
Q

migraine headache

A

severe throbbing pain or pulsing sensation usually on one side of the head

52
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

progressive autoimmune disorder that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath

53
Q

narcolepsy

A

chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness & sudden attacks of sleep

54
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

chronic, long-lasting disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts & behaviors

55
Q

panic attack

A

unexpected sudden experience of fear & physical symptoms in the absence of danger

56
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

chronic degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and slow shuffling gait

57
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event

58
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

serious or deadly disorder in children causing swelling of the liver and brain

59
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality

60
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve

61
Q

seizure

A

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain

62
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis, or death caused by a violent shaking

63
Q

syncope

A

brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased flow of blood to the brain

64
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve causing severe pain

Medical terminology (16 decks)

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