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Medical terminology > Medical terms unit 4 > Flashcards

Medical terms unit 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

biceps brachii

A

thick, two headed muscle in the anterior upper arm

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2
Q

myocele

A

protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the surrounding fascia

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3
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone that impairs voluntary muscle movement

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4
Q

fasciitis

A

inflamation of a fascia

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5
Q

fibromyalgia syndrome

A

debilitating chronic condition w/fatigue, muscle/bone/joint pain

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6
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion impairment of voluntary movement of a tic or spasm

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7
Q

hernia

A

internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle

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8
Q

sacropenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, and functioning

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9
Q

ergonomics

A

study of human factors that affect design and operation of tools and work enviornment

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10
Q

spasmodic torticollis

A

stiff neck from spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

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11
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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12
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function/activity

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13
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

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14
Q

myoclonus

A

sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

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15
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

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16
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

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17
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

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18
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

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19
Q

myorrhexis

A

rupture or tearing of a muscle

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20
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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21
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

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22
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

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23
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone/strength

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24
Q

hypotonia

A

condition with diminished tone of skeletal muscles

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25
Q

triceps brachii

A

thick three-headed muscle in the muscle in the posterior upper arm

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26
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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27
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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28
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that is abnormally holding structures together

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29
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues/structures

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30
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

condition in which chronically overused tendons in the carpal tunnel become inflamed and swollen

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31
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

disorder of unknown cause that affects multiple body systems

32
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

33
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin caused by scarring or lack of use

34
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

35
Q

electromyography

A

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

36
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

37
Q

exercise physiologist

A

specialist who develops and implement excercise programs

38
Q

ganglion cyst

A

harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs on the outer surface of the wrist

39
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near the calcaneus bone

40
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

41
Q

impingement syndrome

A

condition when imflamed and swollen tendons are caugt in the narrow space between the bones within shoulder joints

42
Q

insertion

A

muscle ends by attaching bone or tendon

43
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in leg muscles during excercise but reduced with rest

44
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nueromuscular junction, producing serious weakness of voluntary muscles

45
Q

myofascial release

A

soft tissue manipulation technique to reduce pain in muscle tissue

46
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

47
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

48
Q

nocturnal myoclonus

A

jerking of the limbs while a person falls asleep

49
Q

oblique

A

describes muscle fibers that are slanted or at an angle

50
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle moevements through disease or injury to nerve supply

51
Q

physiatrist

A

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation

52
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of the foot

53
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease with simulatneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles

54
Q

pronation

A

rotation the arm/leg so that the hand palm/foot sole is turned downwar or backward

55
Q

range of motion testing

A

diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

56
Q

shin splint

A

injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon

57
Q

singultus

A

involuntary jerking of the diaphragm causing spasms (hiccups)

58
Q

sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

59
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint usually caused by wrenched or torn ligament

60
Q

tenolysis

A

release of a tendon from adhesions

61
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

62
Q

transverse

A

crosswise direction

63
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

64
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

65
Q

dys-

A

bad,difficult, painful

66
Q

fasci/o

A

face, form

67
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

68
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease

69
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

70
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

71
Q

my/o

A

muscle

72
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

73
Q

rrhexis

A

rupture

74
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

75
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, strectch out, extend, strain

76
Q

ton/o

A

tension, tone, stretching

77
Q

tri-

A

triple

Medical terminology (16 decks)

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