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The “IV” League > Medical; Obstetrics & Gynecology > Flashcards

Medical; Obstetrics & Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

An infant is defined as a baby who is

A

1 month to 1 year

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2
Q

A newborn or neonate is

A

Less then 1 month old

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3
Q

At birth, the average pulse rate and respiratory rate is:

A

140 beats/min & 30-60 breaths/min

ECS p.478

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4
Q

Young infants are primarily what type of breathers?

A

Nose breathers

ECS p.478

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5
Q

Infants, younger then 6 months of age, are particularly prone to:

A

Nasal congestions

ECS p.478

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6
Q

What is a newborn’s major respiratory muscle?

A

The diaphragm (“Belly breather”). The intercostal muscles aren’t well developed.

ECS p.478

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7
Q

How does an infant’s airway differ from adults?

A
  • infant’s tongue is larger in proportion to their oral cavity
  • airway is proportionally shorter and narrower
  • infants have fewer alveoli in the lungs

ECS p.478

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8
Q

Define barotrauma

A

Ventilations that are delivered with excessive force or excessive volume can result in trauma from pressure

ECS p.479

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9
Q

What is a sign of dehydration in newborns/infants?

A

Sunken fontanelles

ECS p. 479

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10
Q

What type of immunity do infants acquire from their mother?

A

Passive immunities

ECS p.479

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11
Q

What are 4 types of reflexes exhibited by an infant?

A
  • Moro reflex (startle reflex)
  • Palmar grasp
  • Rooting reflex
  • Sucking reflex

ECS p.479

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12
Q

What are epiphyseal plates?

A

= growth plates (which are located on either end of an infant’s long bone and are the centers where longitudinal bone growth occurs)

ECS p.479

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13
Q

Teething occurs during what age in children?

A

Teething is between ages 4-7 months

ECS p.479

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14
Q

What are the 3 phases of an infant’s reaction to a situation crisis?

A
  1. Protest phase
  2. Despair phase
  3. Withdrawal

ECS p.481

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15
Q

What type of attachment do infants display who are repeatedly rejected by parent/caregiver?

A

Anxious avoidant attachment

ECS p.480

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16
Q

What are the age ranges for toddlers and for preschoolers?

A 
Toddler = 1-2 years
Preschoolers = 3-5 years

ECS p.482

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17
Q

What is the most obvious development in the immune system at the toddler/preschooler age?

A

Loss of passive immunity

ECS p.482

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18
Q

What psychological anxiety peaks with toddler/preschoolers?

A

Separation anxiety

ECS p.483

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19
Q

What is the age range for school-aged children?

A

6-12 years

ECS p.484

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of reasoning childcare learn?

A
  • Preconventional reasoning - acts purely to avoid punishment
  • Conventtional reasoning - want to obtain approval
  • Postconventional reasoning - guided by their own conscience

ECS p.485

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21
Q

Self-esteem VS. self-concept

A 
Self-esteem = how a person feels about themselves and how they fit in with their peers
Self-concept = a person’s perception of him/herself

ECS p.485

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22
Q

Adolescents (teenagers) are ages ____ through ____ years.

A

13-18

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23
Q

Menarche:

A

The first menstrual bleeding

ECS p.486

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24
Q

Who are at higher risk than other populations for suicide and depression?

A

Adolescents

ECS p.486

25
Early adults range in age from ____ to ____ years.
19-40 years ECS p.487
26
What is the age range in which the body functions at “optimal” levels?
From age 19 years to just a little after age 25 years ECS p.487
27
What is most common among early adults?
Childbirth ECS p.487
28
What age range is middle adults?
41 to 60 years ECS p.487
29
At what age does menopause typically begin in women?
Begins in late 40s or early 50s ECS p.487
30
What are some health concerns with middle aged adults?
- cardiovascular health - cardiac output - decrease in metabolism ECS p.487
31
Late adults include those ages ____ and older
61 years and older ECS p.488
32
What is a major contributing factor to a decline in cardiac function in late adults?
Atherosclerosis ECS p.488
33
In late adults, the brain weight may shrink by ___ to ___ %
10% to 20% (by age 80 years) ECS p.490
34
Define terminal drop hypothesis
In the 5 years preceding death, mental function is presumed to decline ECS p.491
35
Normal vitals for NEONATE
Pulse: 100-205 beats/min Resp: 30-60 breaths/min BP: 67-84/35-53 ECS p.544
36
Normal vitals for INFANT
Pulse: 100-180 beats/min Resp: 30-53 breaths/min BP: 72-104/37-56 ECS p.544
37
Normal vitals for a TODDLER:
Pulse: 98-140 beats/min Resp: 22-37 breaths/min BP: 86-106/42-63 ECS p.544
38
Normal vitals for PRESCHOOLER
Pulse: 80-120 beats/min Resp: 20-28 breaths/min BP: 89-112/46-72 ECS p.544
39
Normal vitals for SCHOOL AGE
Pulse: 75-118 beats/min Resp: 18-25 breaths/min BP: 97-120/57-80 ECS p.544
40
Normal vitals for ADOLESCENT
Pulse: 60-100beats/min Resp: 12-20 breaths/min BP: 110-131/64-83 ECS p.544
41
Normal vitals for EARLY/MIDDLE/OLDER ADULT
Pulse: 60-100beats/min Resp: 12-20 breaths/min BP: 90-140 (systolic) ECS p.544
42
Explain the difference between a newborn versus neonate.
newborn: an infant within the first few hours after birth neonate: an infant within the first month after birth
43
Approximately 8% of newborns delivered each year weigh less than ___________.
5.5 lbs
44
Fetal circulation has three major blood flow deviations (shunts) from that of an adult. What are they?
1. ductus venous 2. foramen ovale 3. ductus arteriosus
45
First breath in a newborn is triggered by what two physiologic stimuli?
is triggered by mild hypoxia and hypercapnia from partial occlusion of the umbilical cord during delivery.
46
Delay in the decrease of pulmonary pressure of a newborn leads to:
1. Delayed transition 2. Hypoxia 3. Brain injury 4. Death
47
List equipment for neonatal resuscitation. (p 2071-2073)
1. Warm, dry blankets 2. Bulb syringe 3. Two small clamps or ties 4. A pair of clean scissors
48
After confirming adequate airway, breathing, and pulse rate, place the newborn on: (p 2072)
the mother's chest
49
What should be suctioned first once the head is delivered?
the mouth first, then the nose
50
_________ helps record the newborn’s condition in the first few minutes after birth.
The Apgar score
51
``` Appearance (skin color) Pulse rate Grimace (irritability) Activity (muscle tone) Respiratory (effort) ``` What numbers are each of these values given?
Each sign is given a value of 0, 1, or 2.
52
An Apgar score should be recorded how long after birth?
Recorded at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
53
If the 5-minute Apgar score is less than 7, an additional score should be done:
every 5 minutes until 20 minutes after birth.
54
In order to count the respiratory rate and pulse rate. You should count respiratory rate and pulse rate for 6 seconds, then you should: (p 2075-2077)
multiply by 10 to determine rate per minute.
55
If newborn is still apneic or has a pulse rate of less than 100 beats/min after 30 seconds of drying, stimulation, and oxygen. You should first: (p 2076 - 2080) A. Begin positive pressure ventilation (PPV) by a newborn-sized bag-mask device. B. Insert an ET tube or laryngeal mask as appropriate. C. Use a pulse oximeter D. Begin compressions.
A. Begin positive pressure ventilation (PPV) by a newborn-sized bag-mask device.
56
You should begin chest compression if the newborn's pulse rate is less than:
60 beats/min
57
A ventilation rate of 40 to 60 breaths/min is important because a higher rate can cause all of the following, EXCEPT: A. Hypocapnia B. Air trapping C. Pneumothorax D. Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia
58
Intubation for a newborn is indicated for all of the following, EXCEPT: (p 2080) A. Meconium-stained fluid is present and the newborn is not vigorous. B. Pulse is less than 100 per minute. C. Prolonged PPV needed. D. Craniofacial defects impede an adequate airway.
B. Pulse is less than 100 per minute.
59
Medications are rarely needed in newborn resuscitation because they can be resuscitated with effective: (p 2085 - 2086)
ventilatory support

The “IV” League (10 decks)

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