Medical Nutrition Therapy - N. Disorders of Oral Cavity and Esophagus (p. 27-28), O. Disorders of Pregnancy (p. 28), P. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (p. 28-29), Q. Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards
<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ are caused by acids that demineralize the surface of the tooth.
Enzymes ferment CHO deposits on plaque and produce acids.
pH </p>
<p>Dental caries</p>
<p>Low \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ foods are those that are least likely to cause cavities. These choices are high in protein and minerals like Ca, and Phos, and minimal in fermentable CHO.
pH >6 stimulates saliva (protects enamel).</p>
<p>Low cariogenic </p>
<p>Sugar alcohols (*\_\_\_\_\_\_) does NOT cause cavities.</p>
<p>SORBITOL</p>
<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_ can control caries. Supplementation starts at 6 mos.
</p>
<p>Fluorine
Fluorosis: excessive fluoride; mottled teeth</p>
<p>*Fluoride recommendations:
0-6 mos: supps NOT recommended (use fluoridated water if available)
6-12 mos: use fluoridated water, supps IF PRESCRIBED</p>
<p>*Fluoride recommendations:
1-2 years: fluoridated water or supps if prescribed; fluoride toothpaste not to be used until child can spit it out
2-3 years: fluoridated water or supps as recommended; Also Fluoride toothpaste</p>
<p>*Infants should NOT sleep with a bottle.
Cause BBTD (\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_) and ECC \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>BBTD: Baby Bottle Tooth Decay
ECC: Early Childhood Caries</p>
<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Inflammation of the mouth associated with Riboflavin deficiency</p>
<p>Stomatitis
Avoid very hot/cold foods, spice, sour. Rinse with water after meals.</p>
<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is inflammation of the esophagus treated by decreasing gastric acidity and reflux.
Diet: Small, bland, low-fat, low-fiber</p>
<p>Esophagitis</p>
<p>*Disorder of lower esophageal sphincter MOTILITY - does not relax and open upon swallowing, causing dysphagia.</p>
<p>Achalasia</p>
<p>*The dysphagia diet begins with: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_ foods, progressing to thick liquids.</p>
<p>*Pureed, Moist, Thick foods</p>
<p>National Dysphagia Diet Level \_\_\_:
Smooth, pureed, homogenous, cohesive foods.</p>
<p>NDD1</p>
<p>National Dysphagia Diet Level \_\_:
Moist, soft, easily formed into a bolus.
Moist, tender, ground/diced meats
Soft-cooked vegetables, soft/canned fruits</p>
<p>NDD2</p>
<p>National Dysphagia Diet Level:
Avoid hard, sticky, crunchy foods
Avoid hard fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds</p>
<p>NDD3</p>
<p>With gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), consume \_\_\_\_\_, low-\_\_\_ meals. Liquids are able to be emptied more rapidly.
Avoid eating before bed, soda, caffeine, acidic foods.</p>
<p>Small, low-fat</p>
<p>Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) may occur at about the 20th week of pregnancy. This may progress to a more serious condition, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and then, \_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>Pre-eclampsia
Eclampsia</p>
<p>Complication during pregnancy characterized by HYPERTENSION, RAPID WEIGHT GAIN, PROTEINURIA, EDEMA.</p>
<p>Pre-eclampsia</p>
<p>Untreated pre-eclampsia can progress to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures or convulsions.</p>
<p>Eclampsia</p>
<p>*A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ restriction is NOT recommended for the prevention or treatment of PIH.
</p>
<p>Sodium
INC fluid that is normal during pregnancy, INC body's demand for sodium.</p>
<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is more common in women with lack of prenatal care, poor diet, poor protein and calcium intake (proposed association with calcium deficiency).</p>
<p>Pregnancy-induced hypertension</p>
<p>Severe nausea, vomiting in pregnancy.
Associated with acidosis and weight loss.
Treatment is BED REST.</p>
<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum.</p>
<p>A virus that debilitates the immune system by attacking lymphocytes.</p>
<p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)</p>
<p>AIDS is associated with N/V/D, malabsorption, and weight loss. Goals are to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lean body mass and prevent \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
</p>
<p>Goals are to preserve LBM and prevent weight loss and wasting.</p>
<p>Nutrient Needs in AIDS:
Energy: BEE x 1.3 (asymptomatic)
</p>
<p>Protein:
0.8 g/kg (asymptomatic)
1.2-2.0 g/kg if wasting
Vit/Min supplements if needed to correct micronutrient deficiencies
</p>
<p>AIDS patients are prone to foodborne illness, and may therefore benefit from a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or low bacteria diet.
Avoid raw foods.</p>
<p>Neutropenic</p>
HIV infected women should/should not breast-feed.
SHOULD NOT
NRTIs (nucleotide nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ie. Retrovir), or ____________ drugs used to treat AIDS, may lead to Anemia Appetite Loss Low B12, Cu, Zn, Carnitine
Antiretroviral
With AIDS, herbal supplementation should be discouraged as adjunctive therapy to conventional care. The use of vitamin __ or ____________ may result in drug resistance.
Vitamin C or St. John's Wort may result ind rug resistance.
In Pediatric HIV, a high _____, high ____ diet is recommended with additional supplements for weight gain.
High calorie, high protein
A condition characterized by fat redistribution or loss associated with infection with HIV. ^ Chol ^ TG Insulin resistance
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome (HALS)
Loss of _____ _______ ______ in HIV/AIDS may be masked by HALS or edema.
Lean body mass
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is classified into _________, destruction of the alveoli, or __________, inflammation of the bronchioles.
Emphysema Chronic bronchitis
Air sacs (alveoli) lose elasticity. Difficulty exhaling - air pocket walls expand, thin out, and collapse. Patients are thin and cachectic appearing - use accessory muscles to breathe, ^ REE.
Emphysema
Excess mucus production and chronic productive cough. Heavy mucus interferes with breathing. Hypoxia-->Increased workload on the heart-->left-sided HF-->pulmonary edema as blood backs up-->further increased workload on the heart and to breathe.
Chronic bronchitis
In COPD, Indirect calorimetry should be used to estimate energy needs. Maintain ____ weight - replete, but do not overfeed. High ___, High ___, Higher ___, Lower ___
High calorie High protein (1.0-1.5 g/kg) Higher fat, Lower cho - oxidation of FAT consumes LESS O2 than that of CHO
Condition in which the lungs are no longer able to exchange gases. Fluid collects in the lungs' air sacs, depriving organs of oxygen. May follow COPD.
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure)
ARDS is associated with hyper_______ and increased energy needs. GOAL: Maintain stable __ and preserve __.
Hypermetabolism Goal: Maintain stable BW and preserve LBM.
With ____, should provide EN containing EPA and GLA (gamma-linoleic acid). Avoid excess Non-_____calories.
ARDS
Non-protein
