Medical Nutrition Therapy - C. CVD, CAD, IHD (p. 9-12

Question 1

Hypertension is :

Systolic BP > ___
Diastolic BP > ___

Or both.

Answer 1

Systolic BP > 140

Diastolic BP > 90

Question 2

Systolic = ______, Diastolic = _______

Answer 2

Systolic = CONTRACTION
Diastolic = DILATION (relaxation)

Question 3

In HTN, _______ ______, used to reduce fluid retention, may induce hypokalemia.

Answer 3

Thiazide diuretics

Question 4

4 Modifiable Factors in prevention and treatment of HTN include:

Answer 4

Overweight
High sodium intake
Physical inactivity
Alcohol consumption

Question 5

Low _____ intake following the ____ diet is recommended in HTN. It is characterized by:

Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, Lean meat/poultry/fish, nuts, seeds, legumes. Moderate sodium, limit alcohol and sweets.

Answer 5

Low sodium intake following the DASH diet.

Question 6

The _______ diet is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids and MUFAs. It is high in fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, and oils (ie. olive). Promotes fish, poultry and eggs instead of beef. Also low-fat dairy and red wine in moderation.

Answer 6

Mediterranean

Question 7

The differences between the DASH and Mediterranean diets is mainly greater allotment for dairy and meat in the _____ diet, while the _____ diet promotes more healthy fats, fish, and red wine.

Answer 7

DASH, Mediterranean

Question 8

RESVERATROL, found in the skin of red grapes, may _____ blood pressure.

Answer 8

Lower

Question 9

A progressive narrowing of arteries. Accumulation of lipids (inside the arteries) - Fat deposits accumulate in the heart, brain, and legs.

Answer 9

Atherosclerosis

Question 10

A condition where the arteries supplying blood to the heart, become HARD and NARROW with PLAQUE BUILDUP.

Answer 10

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Question 11

A local and temporary deficiency of blood caused by an obstruction, i.e. Thrombosis

Answer 11

Ischemia

Question 12

A hardening and loss of elasticity of blood vessel WALLS

Answer 12

Arteriosclerosis

Question 13

Reduction of coronary flow to myocardium due to clot blocking a narrowed coronary artery

Answer 13

Myocardial infarction

Question 14

Abnormal lipids in the blood - includes high TG and low HDL

Answer 14

Dyslipidemia

Question 15

Fat is transported in the blood bound to ______, forming _______.

Answer 15

Fat is transported in the blood bound to proteins, forming LIPOPROTEINS.

Question 16

Lipoprotein composed of dietary fat.
Made in the intestine.
Transports dietary fat to adipose tissues.
Lowest density due to small amount of protein.

Answer 16

Chylomicron

Question 17

Lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from diet and liver to all cells.

Answer 17

LDL-C

Question 18

Lipoprotein involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Moves cholesterol from cells to liver for excretion.

Answer 18

HDL-C

Question 19

Unlike chylomicrons, which are synthesized in the intestines from dietary fat, ALL OTHER LIPOPROTEINS are synthesized from __________ _____, and in the ____ and ____.

Answer 19

Unlike chylomicrons, which are synthesized in the intestines from dietary fat, ALL OTHER LIPOPROTEINS are synthesized from endogenous fat, and in the liver and adipose.

Question 20

3 or more of the risk factors linked to insulin resistance, which often increases risk for coronary events

Answer 20

Metabolic syndrome

Question 21

Risk factors comprising the metabolic syndrome include:

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Hyperlipidemia
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Low \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
High waist circumference

Answer 21

Hypertension (>130 systolic and/or >85 diastolic)
Hyperlipidemia (TG >150 mg/dL)
Hyperglycemia (Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL)
Low HDL (40” M, >35” W)

Question 22

LDL 60 = ______

Answer 22

LDL 60 = Desirable

Question 23

High HOMOCYSTEINE level is an INDEPENDENT risk factor for _____.

Answer 23

Coronary heart disease

Question 24

This diet, which is endorsed by the American Heart Association, includes:

30 min moderate intensity/d)

Answer 24

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Diet

Question 25

In _______ ________, the weakened heart fails to maintain adequate output of blood, resulting in diminished blood flow to the tissues, causing them to hold fluid instead (edema).

Answer 25

Heart failure

Question 26

Also in heart failure, reduced blood flow to the _____ causes them to secrete hormones that cause SODIUM and FLUID retention.

Answer 26

Kidneys

Question 27

The use of _____ may lead to loss of nutrients, glucose intolerance, and increased serum uric acid (gout).

Answer 27

Diuretics

Question 28

The medication, DIGITALIS, increases the strength of the ______ and its contractions.

Answer 28

Digitalis increases the strength of the heart muscle and its contractions.

Question 29

Heart Failure Diet Therapy includes:

______ diet
Restrict ______ as needed
Restrict ______ as needed

Answer 29

DASH diet
Restrict sodium as needed
Fluid restriction if needed

Question 30

Condition in heart failure characterized by unintended weight loss - blood backs up into liver and intestines –> Nausea and decreased appetite.

Answer 30

Cardiac Cachexia