Medical Nutrition Therapy - G. Nervous System/Neurological Disorders (p. 21-22)

Question 1

A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.

Answer 1

Epilepsy

Question 2

Epilepsy is treated with the anticonvulsants, phenobarbital and phenytoin, which interfere with ______ absorption.

Take folate daily with these drugs.
Also may need to supplement vitamin D, Calcium, Thiamin.

Answer 2

Anticonvulsants interfere with Calcium absorption

Question 3

*Provide phenytoin SEPARATE from _______ and _______, INCLUDING _______.

Answer 3

Provide Phenytoin SEPARATE from meals, INCLUDING tube feeds (TF decrease bioavailability of drug - hold 2 hrs),

Question 4

An alternative treatment of epilepsy is the _______ diet.

______ _____ act as inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Answer 4

Ketogenic

Ketone bodies

Question 5

The KETOGENIC diet is HIGH _____, VERY LOW ______.

4:1 ratio
4 (fat): 1 (cho/ptn)

Answer 5

High Fat, Low Cho

Question 6

*Those following the ketogenic diet need supplements of

________, _______, ______, _____, _____.

Answer 6

*Those following the ketogenic diet need supplements of

CALCIUM, FOLATE, VITAMIN D, VITAMIN B6, VITAMIN B12.

Question 7

A congenital disorder of movement characterized by inadequate control over voluntary muscles. May be due to brain injury before birth.

Answer 7

Cerebral palsy

Question 8

2 types of cerebral palsy

Answer 8

Spastic and non-spastic (athetoid)

Question 9

In the SPASTIC form of cerebral palsy, there is difficult, stiff movement and LIMITED ACTIVITY, leading to OBESITY.
Diet therapy includes ____ calorie, ____ fluid, _____ fiber.

Answer 9

Spastic-limited activity, obesity

Low calorie, high fluid, high fiber

Question 10

In the NON-SPASTIC form of cerebral palsy, there is involuntary worm-like movement. CONSTANT MOTION leads to WEIGHT LOSS.
Diet therapy includes _____ calorie, ______ protein diet, with use of finger foods (can be eatin w/o utensils)

Answer 10

Non-spastic-constant motion, weight loss

High calorie, high protein

Question 11

______ can be due to stroke, spinal cord injury, brain injury.

Answer 11

Paralysis

Question 12

Immobilization decreases the ability to absorb ________ and increases urinary losses of ___________.

Answer 12

IMMOBILIZATION

DECREASES CALCIUM ABSORPTION
INCREASES NITROGEN LOSSES

Question 13

Pressure Ulcers

High Calorie
High Protein
Normal Calcium (dec absorption in immobilization)
Adequate fluid

Supplement vitamin C and Zn (stage 3 and 4)

Answer 13

Cal: 30-40 kcal/kg
Pro:
Stage 1 & 2: 1.2-1.5 g/kg
Stage 3 & 4: 1.5-2.0 g/kg

Vitamin C: 500 mg/d
Zn: 220 mg/d zinc sulfate (10 days-may inhibit copper)

Question 14

Hyperactivity, ADHD

Answer 14

Hyperkinesis

Question 15

Experimental treatment of hyperactivity is the _______ diet, which is no salicylates, artificial colors or flavors. The efficacy of this diet has not been proven. SUGAR does ___ cause hyperactivity.

Answer 15

The Feingold diet

Sugar does not cause hyperactivity.

Question 16

Eating with Alzheimer’s disease:

Avoid distractions.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mealtimes.
Encourage \_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_.
Offer one item at a time.
Finger foods may be helpful.
May need verbal cues to \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_.

Answer 16

Eating with Alzheimer’s disease:

Avoid distractions.
Consistent mealtimes.
Encourage self-feeding.
Offer one item at a time.
Finger foods may be helpful.
May need verbal cues to chew and swallow.