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Anatomy M1T2 > Medical Imaging > Flashcards

Medical Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Which Imaging techniques do not use radiation?

A

Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound

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2
Q

How do plain films work?

A

X ray tubes shoot high energy electrons at target. Electrons go around Tungsten atom and lose energy. Occurs by Bremmstrahlung and K shell knockout. This changes the energy of atom leading to radiation and x ray formation

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3
Q

Live images being obtained while a procedure is performed. Uses fluorescent plate, image intensifier, and TV camera…

A

Fluoroscopy

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4
Q

High frequency sound ways that reflect to make image in real time..

A

Ultrasound

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5
Q

Demonstrate speed and direction of flow in a vessel…

A

Doppler image

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6
Q

Small X ray sensors that take multiple pictures and computers compile many images…

A

Cat Scan

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7
Q

4 advantages of CT

A

Covers all anatomic areas, no oral/IV, quick, and can detect different densities

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8
Q

4 Disadvantages of CT

A

Ionizing radiation, cost, lack of availability, hampered by metal

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9
Q

What do you use CT/MR for?

A

asymmetry, masses, midline shift, or fluid collection

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10
Q

Would you use CT or MR for calcium or acute bleeds?

A

CT

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11
Q

Would you use CT or MR for subacute or chronic bleeds or spinal compressions?

A

MR

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12
Q

How does MR work?

A

Uses magnetic field and radiofrequency to obtain image. The magnetic field causes protons in body to line up and the high frequency shifts them from being straight. An antenna measures the resonance

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13
Q

What are differences between T1 vs T2 weighted MRI?

A

Water is white (bright) on T2 and Dark on T1. Bone is dark on T2 and bright on T1. Repetition time Short TR/TE is for T1, and long TR/TE is for T2

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14
Q

When do you use T1 vs. T2?

A

T1 for air, bone, blood, tissue. T2 is for fat, hemorrhage

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15
Q

When to NOT use MR?

A

aneurysm clips, pacemakers, artificial valves, exposure to metal

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16
Q

Cervical image on T1

A

Bone is bright

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17
Q

Cervical image on T2

A

Bone is dark

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18
Q

Interventional Radiology purposes

A

angiography visualization, biopsy, stents
complications: hemorrhage, embolus, infection

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19
Q

How does Interventional Radiology work?

A

dye is administered via catheter, x ray images can show things like stenosis, abnormal vessels, or tumors

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20
Q

When a small amount radioactive isotope is given via IV. These isotopes bind to certain molecules and allow images to be obtained

A

Nuclear Medicine

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21
Q

When regions take up a lot of isotope?

A

acute fractures, metastatic disease, growth plates. Use for infections looking at liver/thyroid

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22
Q

Describe the normal radiologic anatomy of the boney spine and the spinal cord as it appears on CT, MRI and x-ray and when to use

A

Xray is first line, then CT is good for trauma/fracture and myelograms, and MRI is most effective for marrow, discs, and ligaments

23
Q

structures that surround cord as well as have facet joints for flexibility

A

posterior arch

24
Q

Posterior arch includes what structures?

A

2 pedicles (connect body to lamina), 2 lamina (spinal canal attachment to ligament flava), 7 processes in lumbar (2 transverse, 1 spinous, 4 articular)

25
Q

Describe thoracic vertebral body.

A
26
Q

Describe lumbar vertebral body

A
27
Q

Xray pros and cons

A

Pros: inexpensive, quick, fracture detection, portable, have various views
Disadvantage: poor soft tissue detail, radiation

28
Q

Lateral X ray of back

A
29
Q

AP Xray of back

A
30
Q

Oblique Xray of back

A
31
Q

Pros and cons of CT

A

Pros: quick great bone pics, 3d slice and coronal/sagittal reconstruction
Disadvantages: expensive, worst radiation, can be damaged by body hardware

32
Q

When to order a CT?

A

If unable to determine neuro status, compression fraction, surgical hardware evaluation, or bone lesions

33
Q

When to order Xray?

A

When someone is neurologically stable and atraumatic

34
Q

When to order MRI?

A

If suspected cord or nerve injury

35
Q

CT of lumbar spine

A
36
Q

CT of lumbar vertebra

A
37
Q

What are pros and cons of MRI?

A

Pros: exceptional soft tissue detail, inflammation, no radiation, can tailor to symptoms
Cons: slow, expensive, prone to artifact from motion

38
Q

How does fat appear on T1 vs T2 (axial and sagittal) vs STIR MRIs?

A

In T1 fat is bright and fluid is dark. On T2 fat is hypo intense and fluid is hyperintense so best for discs, inflammation, edema. STIR is for marrow and fractures

39
Q

MRI of lumbar vertebra

A
40
Q

MRI lumbar spine

A
41
Q

Xray lateral neck

A
42
Q

Xray AP neck

A
43
Q

Xray oblique neck

A
44
Q

Xray of atlas and axis

A
45
Q

AP Xray thoracic spine

A
46
Q

Lateral Xray thoracic spine

A
47
Q

Anatomy of spinal cord

A
48
Q

Anatomy of disc

A

Intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure firmly attached to VB endplates. Herniations occur due to tears in the annulus fibrosis and leakage of NP

49
Q

What are spinal ligaments and their connections?

A

anterior longitudinal - anterior surface of vertebral body
posterior longitudinal - posterior of vertebral bodies
ligamentum flavum - lamina of adjacent bodies and lies in posterior canal
Interspinous ligament - between SP
Supraspinous ligament - tips of SP

50
Q

What is order of Back checklist?

A

alignment> VB height>disc space>, pedicles>density>facets>neural foramen

51
Q

degenerated or herniated discs

A

spondylosis

52
Q

Spondylolysis vs spondylolistesis

A

spondylolysis is pars defect or stress fracture through pars interarticularis (between facet), usually occurs at L5-L4 spondylolisthesis you get shift in vertebral body

53
Q

Scoliosis classifications and treatments

A

cobb angle (more than 10 degrees) is scoliosis, 20-40 degrees you need PT and brace, and severe is greater than 40 may require surgery

Anatomy M1T2 (18 decks)

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