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Anatomy M1T2 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What are some differences between PNS and somatic?

A

PNS has two neurons, one myelinated preganglionic that secretes ACh and an unmyelinated post ganglionic that secretes either ACh or NE. Somatic or voluntary muscle is myelinated all the way and secretes ACh causing contraction

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2
Q

What allows precise control over organs?

A

innervation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons allows regulation of visceral activities such as cardiac function, BP, circulation, digestion, thermoregulation, and pupil size

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3
Q

What are some effects of sympathetic stimulation?

A

Increased HR, vasoconstriction, decreased digestion, filling (relaxation) of bladder, bronchiodilation

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4
Q

What are some effects of parasympathetic?

A

decreased rate of contraction, constrict bronchioles, mucus secretion, peeing/pooping

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5
Q

What are some differences in structure of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic has long preganglionic, PANS is localized with only one preganglion synapsing with few postganglion, SANs is widespread where one preganglion synapses with many effectors, and both neurons release ACh. The sympathetic preganglionic nerve is short and post ganglion releases NE (only secrete ACh for sweat)

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6
Q

Where do sweat glands on receive innervation from?

A

SANS

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7
Q

How do you make ACh vs NE?

A

acetyl CoA + choline = Ach, ACh is destroyed at CT by Ach-esterase. Tyrosine>DOPA>dopamine>vesicular transport>NE to synaptic space. NE binds to adrenergic recptor and can diffuse, be metabolized COMT/MAO, and reuptaked

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8
Q

What’s rate limiting step of making catecholamines?

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

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9
Q

Where does sympathetic and parasympathetic emerge from?

A

sympathetic is from T1-L2 and parasympathetic is cranial and sacral

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10
Q

Lies aling either side of the spinal cord; sympathetic ganglion chain….

A

sympathetic trunk

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11
Q

This organ has no post ganglioninc fibers…

A

adrenal medulla

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12
Q

True/False: Most hormones released into the blood are NE?

A

False, 80% is epinephrine

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13
Q

What does preganglionic always release?

A

Always releases ACh to muscarinic receptor which increases depolarization

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14
Q

found on postganglionic cell bodies of all autonomic ganglia and at adrenal medulla; also subtype at NMJ in skeletal muscles; ligand gated

A

Nicotinic receptor

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15
Q

found on all postganglionic PANS effector cell membranes and on those “exception” tissues (sweat glands) of SANS; GPCR coupled

A

Muscarinic receptors

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16
Q

What does atenolol do in cardiac?

A

When NE binds to B1, it causes lots of contraction, but with atenolol cAMP levels decrease to AMP via phosphodiesterase

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17
Q

How can norepinephrine act on the smooth muscle, and cause opposite effects? How does smooth muscle contract in some places & relax in other places?

A

Alpha 1 receptors on smooth muscle of arterioles vs B2 receptors on smooth muscle in bronchioles and arterioles cause different affects. Alpha 1 has more calcium available for contraction, while B2 has less calcium available for contraction so it relaxes.

18
Q

Receptor that increases heart rate and force of contraction

A

B1

19
Q

receptor that causes vasoconstriction (arterioles)

A

A1

20
Q

Receptor that causes dilation of bronchioles and inhibits mucus secretion

A

B2

21
Q

Receptor that decreases motility of GI, causes contraction of sphincters, and inhibits digestion

A

A1

22
Q

Receptor that causes relaxation of bladder

A

B2

23
Q

Receptor that causes dilation of pupil

A

B2 and A1

24
Q

Receptor for causing glycogenolysis and dilation of arterioles of skeletal muscle

A

B2

25
Q

Receptor that causes lipolysis

A

B1 and B2

26
Q

Receptor that decreases rate and force of contraction? (can also relax sphincters)

A

M2

27
Q

Receptor that dilates vessels of penis and cilitoris, constricts bronchioles, stimulates mucus secretion, increase motility, relax sphincters, stimulates digestion, and constricts pupils

A

M3

28
Q

How does a pupil dilate?

A

NE or EP binds to A1 or B2 receptor on pupil. The dilator muscle needs to contract so the circular muscle can relax.

29
Q

What kind of GPCR does A1 and B2 work in conjunction with?

A

A1 works with Gq and B2 works with Gs

30
Q

What types of receptors are muscarinic and nicotininc?

A

Muscarinic are GPCR (Gq or Gi) and Nicotinic are ligand gated ion channels

31
Q

What are the adr. receptors associated G proteins?

A

A1 - Gq, A2 - Gi, B1-B3 - Gs, and D1 - Gs

32
Q

What are cholinergic receptors and their associated proteins?

A

M1 - Gq, M2 - Gi, M3 - Gq, M4 - Gi, M5 - Gq, Nn and Nm have increased cation permeability

33
Q

What is rate limiting and second step to catecholamine synthesis?

A

tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase

34
Q

What two enzymes break down catecholamines?

A

COMT in chromaffin cells and MAO

35
Q

What’s antagonist to Alpha receptors?

A

Prazosin

36
Q

What’s antagonist to B1 receptors?

A

atenolol

37
Q

What’s antagonist to B2 receptors?

A

propranolol

38
Q

What’s antagonist to muscarinic receptors?

A

atropine

39
Q

What’s antagonist to nicotinic receptors?

A

pancuronium

40
Q

What is an antagonist to D1 receptor?

A

D-tetrahydropalmatine

41
Q

What happens when you get excessive muscarinic and nicotinic stimulations?

A

Muscarinic = Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Excitation, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation, and Sweating. Treat with Atropine and Pralidoxime
Nicotinic = SK muscle excitation, paralysis

Anatomy M1T2 (18 decks)

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