Medical emergencies part 2

Question 1

The Radiographer’s response in suspected shock.

Answer 1

• Stop the procedure
• Assist the patient to a dorsal recumbent position to avoid a fall
• Elevate the feet to increase blood flow to the brain
• If dyspnea is present, elevate the head
• Obtain help and check blood pressure
• Assist the dyspneic patient with oxygen and be ready to perform (CPR)
• Summon the emergency team

Question 2

Contrast Media Reactions

Answer 2

• Some patients are sensitive to contrast media reactions, contrast agents like iodine can cause allergic reactions to some patients.

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of problems brought due to intro of contrast media reactipons.

Answer 3

• Erythema, urticaria
• Bronchospasm,
• Vasovagal reaction and anaphylaxis

Question 4

negative impact of contrast media on patients

Answer 4

Vasovagal reaction to contrast media can be triggered when the injected agent stimulates the vagus nerve, causing cardiovascular
changes that result in increased vasodilation of arterioles
* This can cause diaphoresis, hypotension & sinus bradycardia
* Hypotension can cause unconsciousness & may be life threatening

Question 5

The Radiographers response to contrast media reactions

Answer 5

• Stop the procedure immediately & call for emergency assistance
• Place the patient in a supine position with feet elevated about 20 degrees and head elevated about 10 degrees
• Inform the emergency department & bring the emergency trolley to
  the patient’s side
• Monitor vital signs
• Do not leave the patient alone, reassure the patient

Question 5

Trauma

Answer 5

Care must be taken to the victims during transfer & positioning to avoid causing further injuries.

Question 5

The radiographer’s response to trauma

Answer 5

• Be cautious to avoid further injuries
• Be alert for changes in patient status that may indicate shock or increased intracranial pressure
• Cervical spine precautions must be observed until the possibility of cervical spine fracture has been ruled out (patients should be on a
  neck collar)
• Clients suspected of cervical spine injury should not be rolled anyhow to avoid causing paralysis.

Question 6

cause of diabetes melitus

Answer 6

• Insufficient production of insulin
• Inadequate utilization of
  insulin by the cells of the body

Question 7

diabetic emergencies

Answer 7

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose)

This results in an abnormal amount of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)

Question 8

Types of diabetes

Answer 8

1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Gestation diabetes

Question 9

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 9

An autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

It usually develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur in adults.

Question 10

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 10

The most common form, where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin. It often develops in adults over 45 but is increasingly seen in younger age groups due to rising obesity rates.

Question 11

Gestation DM

Answer 11

Occurs during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life

Question 12

Treatment of type 1 dm

Answer 12

Injection of insulin to control glucose levels in the body of the affected person. Treatment helps to prevent diabetic acidosis

Question 13

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 13

a condition where insufficient insulin causes the liver to produce more glucose resulting
in hyperglycemia).

Question 14

control of type 2 diabetes melitus

Answer 14

weight loss, dietary control and exercises,
oral hypoglycemic agents to prevent hyperglycemia

Question 15

cause of Gestation DM

Answer 15

hormones secreted by the placenta that prevent the action
of insulin

Question 16

Complications of DM

Answer 16

• Hypoglycemia,
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome(hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma).

Question 17

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic
syndrome(Coma)

Answer 17

a serious complication of diabetes, primarily affecting individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels, severe dehydration, and an altered level of consciousness

Question 18

Clinical manifestations of HHNC

Answer 18

• Tachycardia
• Headache
• Blurred or double vision
• Extreme thirst
• Sweet odor to the breath may occur in diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 19

Radiographer’s response if a diabetic
patient reacts.

Answer 19

• Stop the procedure and notify the emergency team
• Inform the radiology nurse
• Do not leave the patient unattended
• Monitor the vital signs and prepare to administer intravenous
  fluids, medication and oxygen as may be needed and requested
  by the emergency team