Mediastinum Flashcards
Whats in the superior Mediastinum?
Thymus Gland, great vessels of heart, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct
Whats in the Anterior Mediastinum?
Between pericardium and sternum
Whats in the Middle Mediastinum?
heart and pericardium, parts of the great vessels, phrenic nerve, primary bronchi
Whats in the Posterior Mediastinum?
Descending aorta, esophagus, azygos/hemiazygos vv, thoracic duct
Innervation of the heart?
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve Sympathetic: Sympathetic trunks
Where does it go? Anterior interventricular a. AKA Left anterior descending a. (LAD)
Serves both L and R ventricle on anterior surface and inter ventricular septum.
Where does it go? Circumflex artery.
Travels in coronary sulcus and branches to serve left ventricle and atrium!.
where does it go? Marginal artery
Margin of right ventricle. supplies right ventricle. not atrium.
where does it go? Posterior interventricular artery AKA Posterior descending artery.
Supplies both left and right ventricle. and IV septum.
Cool thing about anterior and posterior interventricler arteries.
they anastamose!
What are the 6 coronary artery that we need to know?
LCA RCA Circumflex Marginal LAD PDA
What are they 4 coronary veins we need to know.
Great cardiac vein middle cardiac vein small Cardiac vein Coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein
ant. walls of both ventricles and IVS
Middle cardiac vein
Pos. ventricle walls and IVS
small Cardiac vein
right ventricle (same as marginal a.)
Coronary sinus
Drains everything.
What is Cardiac Tamponade?
Bleeding into pericardial space.
In general, what is coarctation of the Aorta?
Narrowing of the aortic arc of the thoracic aorta. Most commonly near the ligament arteriosum.
What are the different types of aortic coarctations?
Postductal coarctations result in development of collateral circulation via intercostal arteries. This usually results in adequate blood flow and sometimes a palpable pulse in the intercostal space.
What is the pericardium attached to?
- Diaphragm
- sternum
- Ascending aorta
- pulmonary trunk
- superior vena cava
- pulmonary veins
What is the Crista Terminalis?
- Junction of the sinus venosus and the heart during development.
- Ends up being the separation of the smooth and rough parts pf the right atrium.
What 3 vessels are pften used for a coronary bypass graft?
Great Saphenous vein
Internal thoracic artery
Radial artery
Name the 5 fetal circulatory structures and what they turn into?
Foramen Ovale (fossa Ovalis)
Umbilical vein (Ligamentum Teres)
Umbilical arteries (Umbilical ligaments)
Ductus arteriosus (Ligamentum Arteriosum)
Ductus venosus (Ligamentum venosum)
What is Tetrology of Fallot?
- Pulmonary Trunk Stenosis
- VSD
- Overriding aorta
- RV hypertrophy
What type of coarctation is better?
Post ductal is better.
