MEDIA- gender (section B) Flashcards
Traditional both- billington
stated that men and women were presented differently in the media, men are presented as dominant, aggressive and heroes. Women are presented as subordinate, submissive and as damsels in distress
Traditional both- milestone and meyer
whilst steps have been taken to achieve gender equalities, representation of groups in the media continue to perpetuate differences
Traditional both- gauntlett
He found men were traditionally given lead roles and were presented as clever and resourceful where females were love interests or helpers.
Traditional- Masc- easthorpe
argues that the variety of media transmit the view that masculinity based on strength, aggression, competition and violence is biologically determined and so a natural goal for boys to achieve
Traditional- fem - tunstall
argues that media representations emphasise women’s domestic, sexual, consumer and marital activities. The media ignores the fact that the majority of British women go out to work. Men are rarely presented nude aren’t defined by their marital status
Traditional fem Tuchman
the narrow range of roles for women lead to their symbolic annihilation where the media condemn omit and trivialise groups that aren’t socially valued, like women.
Traditional- fem- Ferguson
content analysis of magazines and found evidence of a ‘cult of femininity’ as women’s magazines are based around appearance, caring for others and having a family
Traditional-both-glascock
in media, males were more physically aggressive where females were more verbally aggressive, especially in comedies. Found these differences were found behind the camera, where males dominate which relates to on camera demographics
Changing- both- Gauntlett
In contemporary films, male heroes now have a more sensitive and caring side and women have become tougher. Younger audiences are open to female leads but they have a big importance placed on appearance (fantastic 4-intelligent and teamwork, charlie’s angels-women are multiskilled and fight but still attractive , tomb raider-active and adventurous , knocked up-successful, in control). He found magazines aimed at young women emphasise women should be themselves and do their own thing. The positive effect of female pop stars like Lady Gaga promote financial and emotional independence, suggesting women can be tough, independent and sexy. ‘I’m still something if I don’t got a man’
Changing-masc- easthorpe
the 1980s saw the emergence of a new breed of glossy magazines aimed at middle class young men such as GQ maxim and FHM. The content of the magazines suggested that men are emotionally vulnerable, should be more in touch with their emotions, treat women as equal, care about their appearance and should want to experience active fatherhood
Changing-masc-Nixon
Concept of the new man traced to laundrette advert, shows it was acceptable for men to take care of their appearance and be sexualised
Changing- masc- mort
Discussed consumption patterns in the 80s. Due to rise in men’s fashion magazines increased consumption of men’s toiletries like aftershave, and hair products
Changing- masc- whannel
claimed that the presentation of David beckham is contradictory and fluid as his good looks, football skills, competitive spirit and commitment mark him as a traditional man but his metrosexuality is expressed through his emotional commitment to his family and the amount of money he spends to keep up his appearance
Changing-fem-Westwood
representations of gender have changed and refers to transgressive female roles in British tv. ( females are now presented in a way that means they are breaking hegemonic roles and women are presented at empowering).-supported by glascock E.g. Katniss, Rey
Changing-fem-glasock
supports Westwood and claims in the media there is now a range of femininities such as ‘independent women’ (katniss, Merida from brave, black panther, Rey, mother of dragons woman
