Med Term on the Final Flashcards
Digital rectal exam (DRE)
Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm area that might indicate cancer
Testicular self-examination
Self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac.
Testicular self-examination
Self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac.
Blood culture
Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the blood stream
complete blood count (CBC)
Series of tests that includes hemoglobin: hematocrit: RBC, WBC, and platelet counts; differential WBC count; RBC indices and RBC and WBC morphology
Differential count (diff)
Test that enumerates the distribution of the WBC’s in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as percentage of the total examined. Commonly used as a first step in diagnosing a disease.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition; also called sed rate. Elevated ESR is associated w/ inflammatory diseases, cancer, and pregnancy, but decreases in liver dz.
Hemoglobin (Hgb) value
Measurement of the amoutn of hemoglobin found in awhile blood sample. Hgb values decrease in anemia and increase in dehydration, polycythemia vera and thrombocytopenia purpura.
Hematocrit (Hct)
Measurement of the percentage of RBC’s in a whole blood sample
Monospot
Non specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; also called the heterophile antibody test
Partial thromboplastin tissue (PTT)
Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot. It screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
Prothormbin time (PT)
Test that measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. It is used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system; also called pro time. Commonly used to manage patients receiving the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin)
Red blood cell (RBC) indices
Mathematical calculation of the size, volume, and concentration of hemoglobin for an RBC.
Schilling test
Test used to assess the absorption rate of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Definitive test for diagnosing pernicious anemia because vitamin B12 isn’t absorbed in this disorder and passes out of the stool.
Lymphadenography
Radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium
Cystoscopy
Endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growth, and removal or polyps.
Nephroscopy
Endoscopy of the kidney(s) using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney.
Urethroscopy
Endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, typically for lithotripsy or TURP
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample (used as an indicator of kidney function)
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Test that determine the causative organism of a disease and how the organism respond to various antibodies.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer (level is elevated in prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and tumors of the prostate)
Semen analysis
Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy.
Urinalysis
Battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
Computed tomography (CT)
Imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
Homologous transfusion
Transfusion prepared from another individual who blood is compatible with that of the recipient
Cystometography
Procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter.
Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU)
Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography
Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in the relationship to other organs int he abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system (no contrast medium required)
Lymphangiography
Radiographic examination of lymph vessels of tissues after injection
Aspiration
Drawing in or out by suction
Bone marrow aspiration
procedure using a syringe with a thin aspirating needle inserted (usually in the pelvic bone and rarely the sternum) to withdraw a small sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic evaluation.
biopsy (bx)
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site from microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
Bone marrow biopsy
Removal of a small cored sample of tissue from bone marrow for examination under a microscope and possible for analysis using other tests
Sentinel node
Removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells.
Lymphangiectomy
Removal of a lymph node
Transfuion
Infusion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream
Autologous transfusion
Transfusion prepared from teh recipient’s own blood
Homologous transfusion
Transfusion prepared from another individual who blood is compatible with that of the recipient
Transplantation
Grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another
Autologous bone marrow transplantation
Harvesting, freezing (crypoerserving) and reinfusing the patient’s own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy
Homologous bone marrow transplantation
Transplantation of bone marrow from oen individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficieincy disorders
Nuclear scan
Radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and specialized camera, which acts as radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers.
Ultrasound (US)
Radiograph that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor; also called sonography, echography, or echo
Voiding cystourethrography
Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging.
Dialysis
Medical procedure used to filter toxic substance from the patient’s bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes
Hemodialysis
Method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body.
Peritoneal dialysis
Removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
Circumcision
Removal of all or part of the foreskin, or prepuce, of the penis
Nephropexy
Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
Orchidectomy
Removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to “chip away” at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer.
Urethrotomy
Incision of a urethral stricture
Vasectomy
Excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens.
