Female Genitalia Flashcards
What forms the prepuce and clitoris?
Labia minora
What is the vaginal orifice?
Introitus
What is the area b/w the introitus and anus?
Perineum
Where are the bartholin glands located?
5 & 7 o’clock
What is a musculomembranous tube that terminates in the cervix?
Vagina
The distal portion of what creates the upper vaginal fornices?
Uterine cervix
The point where squamous & columnar epithelium meet
squamocolumnar junction
What is the area around the os known as?
Transformation zone
What makes up the adnexa?
Fallopian tubes & ovaries (almond shaped)
The use of this steroid in the mother of a women can lead to a higher risk of clear cell cancer of the vagina
DES exposure (helped maintain the pregnancy)
What typs of HPV does the vaccine protect against?
16,18,6,11
When can you start the HPV vaccine?
9 and up
WHat is NAATs
A urine test for screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea
What is PMB?
Postmenopausal bleeding
what is primary amenorrhea?
Never had a period
What are some symptoms of a rectocele?
Constipation
Manual maneuvers needed to have a bowel movement
with repeated candida what two conditions should you rule out?
HIV
Diabetes mellitus
what cells do you look for with bacterial vaginosis?
Clue cells
What does a friable cervix mean?
Bleeds when you touch it (sign of inflammation)
What is a small, firm, round cystic nodule in the labia. Yellowish in color. There is a dar punctum marking the blocked opening of the gland.
Epidermoid Cyst
Warty lesion on the labia and within the vestibule. Results from infection with HPV.
Veneral Wart (Condyloma Acuminatum)
A firm, painless ulcer suggests this. Often go undetected.
Syphilitic Chancre
Slightly raised, round, or oval, flat-topped papules convered by a gray exudate suggest this.
Secondary syphilis (condyloma latum)
Shallow ulcers on a red base. Can be extensive and usually confined to a small patch.
Genital herpes
An ulcerated or raised red vulvar lesion in an elderly women may suggest this.
Carcinoma of the vulva
With this condition the discharge is yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy and often profuse. Patients will also have pruritus, pain on urination. There will be petechiae on the posterior fornix.
Trichomonal vaginitis
In this condition women will have white and curdy discharge that is typically thick. Not malodorous and there is pruritus. Vulva and surrounding skin are often inflamed.
Candidal vaginitis
For trichomonal vaginitis what laboratory evaluation should you do?
Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads (will have flagella)
For candidal vaginitis what laboratory evaluation should you do?
Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for branching hyphae of candida
This condition is due to a yeast?
Candida albicans
This condition is due to a protozoan.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Is trichomonas vaginalis always acquired sexually.
No, but often is
What may predispose and individual to candidal vaginitis?
Antibiotic therapy
This condition has a gray or white, thin homogeneous, malodorous. Coats the vaginal walls; usually not profuse. May be minimal. There may be a fishy or musty genital odor.
Bacterial vaginosis
What laboratory evaluation should you do for bacterial vaginosis?
Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders)
What condition will have a fishy odor after applying KOH (whiff test) vaginal secretions with pH >4.5.
bacterial vaginosis
This is a bulge or the upper 2/3 of the anterior vaginal wall together with the bladder above it.
Cystocele
this is when the entire anterior vaginal wall together with urethra is involved in the bulge. There is sometimes a groove present to define the border.
Cystourethrocele
This is a small, red benign tumor visible at the posterior part of the urethral meatus. Occurs normally in postmenopausal women.
Urethral caruncle
This forms a swollen red ring around the urethral meatus. Usually occur before menarche or after menopause.
Prolapse of the urethral mucosa
Appears as a tense, hot, very tender abscess. Look for pus coming out the duct or erythema around the duct opening. Causes include trauma, gonococci anaerobes like bacteroides and peptostreptococci and chlamydia trachomatis.
Bartholin’s Gland INfection
This is a herniation of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina resulting from a weakness or defect in the endopelvic fascia.
Rectocele
What are the two kinds of epithelia that cover the cervix?
Shiny pink squamous epithelium
Deep, red, plush columnar epithelium
Where do the two kinds of epithelia that cover the cervix meet?
squamocolumnar junction
What is the term for when columnar epithelium is transformed into squamous epithelium?
Metaplasia
If secretions of columnar epithelium are blocked with increasing estrogen stimulation during adolescence what can form?
Retention cysts (nabuthian cysts)
This arises from the endocervical canal and becomes visible when is protrudes through the cervical os. It is bright red, soft, often fragile.
Cervical polyp
What are the two normal shapes of the cervical os?
Oval
Slit-like
What are the three types of shapes of the cervical os that can be caused from lacerations from delivery?
Bilateral transverse, stellate, unilateral transverse
This type of cervicitis results in a purulent yellow drainage from the cervical os. Usually from chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae or herpes infection.
Mucopurulent cervicitis
In daughter of women who took DES during pregnancy what type cell may cover most or all of the cervix?
Columnar epithelium
In daughters of women exposed to DES they may also have what 2 things besides columnar epithelium on most of the cervix.
Vaginal adenosis
A cervical collar
This refers to a tilting backward of the entire uterus including both body and cervix?
Retroversion of the uterus
In this type of retroversion the body of the uterus may not be palpable with either hand.
Moderate retroversion
In this type of retroversion the body can be felt posteriorly, either through the posterior fornix or through the rectum.
Marked retroversion
This refers to a backward angulation of the body of the uterus in relation to the cervix. The body of the uterus is often palpable through the posterior fornix or through the rectum.
Retroflexion of the uterus
This is a common benign uterine tumor. May be single or multiple and can reach massive porportions. Feel like a firm, irregular nodules in continuity with the uterine surface.
Myomas of the uterus (fibroids)
This results from weakness of the supporting structures of the pelvic floor and is often associated with cystocele and rectocele.
Prolapse of the uterus
With this type of prolapse the uterus is at the introitus.
Second-degree prolapse
In this type of prolapse the cervix and vaginal are outside the introitus.
Third-degree prolapse
In this type of prolapse the cervix is still well within the vagina.
First-degree prolapse
These type cysts tend to be smooth and compressible. Small cysts often occur in young women and are usually benign and often disappear after the next menstrual period.
Ovarian cysts
This patient can present with guarding and rebound tenderness. A unilateral adnexal mass may be palpable. There is fainting, syncope, naseau, vomiting, tachycardia and shock.
Ruptured tubal pregnancy
This is often a result of sexually transmitted infection of the fallopian tubes. Associated with very tender, bilateral adnexal masses. Movement of the cervix produces pain. If not treated a tubo-ovarian abscess or infertility may ensue.
Pelvic Inflammatory DIsease
