Def First Med Term Flashcards
Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm area that might indicate cancer
Digital rectal exam (DRE)
Self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac.
Testicular self-examination
Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the blood stream
Blood culture
Series of tests that includes hemoglobin: hematocrit: RBC, WBC, and platelet counts; differential WBC count; RBC indices and RBC and WBC morphology
complete blood count (CBC)
Test that enumerates the distribution of the WBC’s in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as percentage of the total examined. Commonly used as a first step in diagnosing a disease.
Differential count (diff)
Measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition; also called sed rate. Elevated ESR is associated w/ inflammatory diseases, cancer, and pregnancy, but decreases in liver dz.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Measurement of the amoutn of hemoglobin found in awhile blood sample. Hgb values decrease in anemia and increase in dehydration, polycythemia vera and thrombocytopenia purpura.
Hemoglobin (Hgb) value
Measurement of the percentage of RBC’s in a whole blood sample
Hematocrit (Hct)
Non specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; also called the heterophile antibody test
Monospot
Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot. It screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
Partial thromboplastin tissue (PTT)
Test that measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. It is used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system; also called pro time. Commonly used to manage patients receiving the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin)
Prothormbin time (PT)
Mathematical calculation of the size, volume, and concentration of hemoglobin for an RBC.
Red blood cell (RBC) indices
Test used to assess the absorption rate of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Definitive test for diagnosing pernicious anemia because vitamin B12 isn’t absorbed in this disorder and passes out of the stool.
Schilling test
Radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium
Lymphadenography
Endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growth, and removal or polyps.
Cystoscopy
Endoscopy of the kidney(s) using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney.
Nephroscopy
Endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, typically for lithotripsy or TURP
Urethroscopy
Test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample (used as an indicator of kidney function)
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Test that determine the causative organism of a disease and how the organism respond to various antibodies.
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer (level is elevated in prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and tumors of the prostate)
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy.
Semen analysis
Battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
Urinalysis
Imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
Computed tomography (CT)
Transfusion prepared from another individual who blood is compatible with that of the recipient
Homologous transfusion
Procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter.
Cystometography
Radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU)
Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in the relationship to other organs int he abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system (no contrast medium required)
Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography
Radiographic examination of lymph vessels of tissues after injection
Lymphangiography
Drawing in or out by suction
Aspiration
procedure using a syringe with a thin aspirating needle inserted (usually in the pelvic bone and rarely the sternum) to withdraw a small sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic evaluation.
Bone marrow aspiration
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site from microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
biopsy (bx)
Removal of a small cored sample of tissue from bone marrow for examination under a microscope and possible for analysis using other tests
Bone marrow biopsy
Removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells.
Sentinel node
Removal of a lymph node
Lymphangiectomy
Infusion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream
Transfuion
Transfusion prepared from teh recipient’s own blood
Autologous transfusion
Transfusion prepared from another individual who blood is compatible with that of the recipient
Homologous transfusion
Grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another
Transplantation
Harvesting, freezing (crypoerserving) and reinfusing the patient’s own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy
Autologous bone marrow transplantation
Transplantation of bone marrow from oen individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficieincy disorders
Homologous bone marrow transplantation
Radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and specialized camera, which acts as radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers.
Nuclear scan
Radiograph that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor; also called sonography, echography, or echo
Ultrasound (US)
Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging.
Voiding cystourethrography
Medical procedure used to filter toxic substance from the patient’s bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes
Dialysis
Method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body.
Hemodialysis
Removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
Peritoneal dialysis
Removal of all or part of the foreskin, or prepuce, of the penis
Circumcision
Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
Nephropexy
Removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy
Orchidectomy
Surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to “chip away” at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer.
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Incision of a urethral stricture
Urethrotomy
Excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens.
Vasectomy
