Def First Med Term

Question 1

Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm area that might indicate cancer

Answer 1

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

Question 2

Self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac.

Answer 2

Testicular self-examination

Question 3

Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the blood stream

Answer 3

Blood culture

Question 4

Series of tests that includes hemoglobin: hematocrit: RBC, WBC, and platelet counts; differential WBC count; RBC indices and RBC and WBC morphology

Answer 4

complete blood count (CBC)

Question 5

Test that enumerates the distribution of the WBC’s in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as percentage of the total examined. Commonly used as a first step in diagnosing a disease.

Answer 5

Differential count (diff)

Question 6

Measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition; also called sed rate. Elevated ESR is associated w/ inflammatory diseases, cancer, and pregnancy, but decreases in liver dz.

Answer 6

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Question 7

Measurement of the amoutn of hemoglobin found in awhile blood sample. Hgb values decrease in anemia and increase in dehydration, polycythemia vera and thrombocytopenia purpura.

Answer 7

Hemoglobin (Hgb) value

Question 8

Measurement of the percentage of RBC’s in a whole blood sample

Answer 8

Hematocrit (Hct)

Question 9

Non specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; also called the heterophile antibody test

Answer 9

Monospot

Question 10

Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot. It screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Answer 10

Partial thromboplastin tissue (PTT)

Question 11

Test that measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. It is used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system; also called pro time. Commonly used to manage patients receiving the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin)

Answer 11

Prothormbin time (PT)

Question 12

Mathematical calculation of the size, volume, and concentration of hemoglobin for an RBC.

Answer 12

Red blood cell (RBC) indices

Question 13

Test used to assess the absorption rate of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Definitive test for diagnosing pernicious anemia because vitamin B12 isn’t absorbed in this disorder and passes out of the stool.

Answer 13

Schilling test

Question 14

Radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium

Answer 14

Lymphadenography

Question 15

Endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growth, and removal or polyps.

Answer 15

Cystoscopy

Question 16

Endoscopy of the kidney(s) using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney.

Answer 16

Nephroscopy

Question 17

Endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, typically for lithotripsy or TURP

Answer 17

Urethroscopy

Question 18

Test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample (used as an indicator of kidney function)

Answer 18

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Question 19

Test that determine the causative organism of a disease and how the organism respond to various antibodies.

Answer 19

Culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Question 20

Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer (level is elevated in prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and tumors of the prostate)

Answer 20

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Question 21

Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy.

Answer 21

Semen analysis

Question 22

Battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

Answer 22

Urinalysis

Question 23

Imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

Answer 23

Computed tomography (CT)

Question 24

Transfusion prepared from another individual who blood is compatible with that of the recipient

Answer 24

Homologous transfusion

Question 25

Procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter.

Answer 25

Cystometography

Question 26

Radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU)

Answer 26

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Question 27

Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in the relationship to other organs int he abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system (no contrast medium required)

Answer 27

Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography

Question 28

Radiographic examination of lymph vessels of tissues after injection

Answer 28

Lymphangiography

Question 29

Drawing in or out by suction

Answer 29

Aspiration

Question 30

procedure using a syringe with a thin aspirating needle inserted (usually in the pelvic bone and rarely the sternum) to withdraw a small sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic evaluation.

Answer 30

Bone marrow aspiration

Question 31

Representative tissue sample removed from a body site from microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

Answer 31

biopsy (bx)

Question 32

Removal of a small cored sample of tissue from bone marrow for examination under a microscope and possible for analysis using other tests

Answer 32

Bone marrow biopsy

Question 33

Removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells.

Answer 33

Sentinel node

Question 34

Removal of a lymph node

Answer 34

Lymphangiectomy

Question 35

Infusion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream

Answer 35

Transfuion

Question 36

Transfusion prepared from teh recipient's own blood

Answer 36

Autologous transfusion

Question 37

Transfusion prepared from another individual who blood is compatible with that of the recipient

Answer 37

Homologous transfusion

Question 38

Grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another

Answer 38

Transplantation

Question 39

Harvesting, freezing (crypoerserving) and reinfusing the patient's own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy

Answer 39

Autologous bone marrow transplantation

Question 40

Transplantation of bone marrow from oen individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficieincy disorders

Answer 40

Homologous bone marrow transplantation

Question 41

Radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and specialized camera, which acts as radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers.

Answer 41

Nuclear scan

Question 42

Radiograph that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor; also called sonography, echography, or echo

Answer 42

Ultrasound (US)

Question 43

Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging.

Answer 43

Voiding cystourethrography

Question 44

Medical procedure used to filter toxic substance from the patient's bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes

Answer 44

Dialysis

Question 45

Method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient's body.

Answer 45

Hemodialysis

Question 46

Removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

Answer 46

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 47

Removal of all or part of the foreskin, or prepuce, of the penis

Answer 47

Circumcision

Question 48

Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

Answer 48

Nephropexy

Question 49

Removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy

Answer 49

Orchidectomy

Question 50

Surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to "chip away" at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer.

Answer 50

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Question 51

Incision of a urethral stricture

Answer 51

Urethrotomy

Question 52

Excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens.

Answer 52

Vasectomy