Male GU Flashcards
WHat cells produce testosterone?
Leydig cells
WHat cells produce FSH?
Sertoli cells and germ cells
If a male presents with ED what else should you test for?
peripheral vascular disease
What is balanitis?
Inflammation of foreskin
typically found in young men
What is phimosis?
Can’t retract the foreskin
What is paraphimosis?
Retracted foreskin but can’t get it to go back
What is NGU?
nongonococcal urethritis
Are pearly penile papules benign?
Yes
What does Peyronie’s dz cause?
Abnormal curvature of the penis during erection due to formation of scar tissue.
What does “eggplant penis” refer to?
The purplish color of the penis from trauma
What will a hydrocele look like under light?
Transiluminate
are hydroceles benign?
Yes
What testicular mass looks wormy?
Varicocele
Where are femoral hernias found? Who are they more common in?
top of the thigh
more common in females
what three positions do you want to check for hernias in?
supine
standing
valsalva (turn head and cough)
How many lobes are in the prostate?
3 lobes 2 lateral (heart shaped) and 1 median (non-palpable)
Which lobe of the prostate isn’t palpable?
median lobe (anterior to urethra)
Do PSA differentiate aggressive CA from slow growing?
No
A PSA or greater than what is concerning.
> 4
How often should colonscopies be done with polyps or with patient’s with higher risk?
3-5 years
When should sigmoidscopy be done
every 5 years w/ FOBT
every 3 years otherwise
What color are external hemorrhoids?
blue
What is smegma?
cheesy, whitish material under foreskin
What is hypospadias?
congenital displacement of urethral meatus to inferior surface of penis
What does profuse yellow discharge indicate?
gonococcal urethritis
What does scanty white or clear discharge indicate?
nongonococcal urethritis
What ulceration is a small red papule that becomes a chancre or PAINLESS erosion up to 2cm diameter? Base of chancre is smooth, red, clean and glistening; heals within 3-8 weeks
Primary syphillis
What ulceration is red papule or pustule initially that forms PAINFUL deep ulcer with ragged nonindurated margins; has friable base; necrotic exudate?
Chancroid
What ulceration is a small scattered or grouped vesicles, 1-3 mm in size, on glans or shaft of penis?
Herpes
What is tinea cruris?
jock itch
What do pubic or genital excoriations suggest?
lice or scabies
What is folliculitis?
infection or inflammation of one or more hair follicles
What does molluscum look like?
umbilicated flesh colored lesion
What is condyloma accuminata look like?
single or multiple papules or plaques of variable shapes; may be raised, flat, or cauliflower like
What is scrotal edema usually seen with?
heart failure or nephrotic syndrome
What is cryptorchidism
undescended testicle
What are common scrotal swellings?
inguinal hernias, hydroceles, scrotal edema, and rarely testicular carinoma
What are dome shaped white or yellow papules or nodulces formed by occulded follicles filled with keratin debris on the scrotum?
epidermoid cyst
What is tender painful scrotal swelling?
acute epididymitis, acute orchitis, torsion of spermatic cord, or strangulated inguinal hernia
What light up with a red glow on the scrotum?
hydrocele
What does cryptorchidism raise the risk for?
testicular cancer
What is acute orchitis?
acutely inflamed, painful, tender and swollen test; seen with mumps and other viral infections
What feels like a soft bag of worms?
Varicocele of the spermatic cord
What is the difference between a direct inguinal hernia and an indirect inguinal hernia?
direct is in the external inguinal ring; indirect is in the internal inguinal ring
When should you not try to reduce a hernia? What should you suspect with these symptoms?
when the mass is tender or the patient has N/V; strangulation
What is DRE?
digital rectal exam; has low sensitivity but high specificity
What are 7 symptoms of BPH?
Incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, nocturia
What does the normal prostate feel like?
smooth, rubbery, non-tender
What does acute bacterial prostatitis present with?
fever, urinary tract symptoms (frequency, urgency, hesitancy), low back pain; gland feels tender and boggy
What are characteristics of chronic bacterial prostatitis?
recurrent urinary tract infections, symptoms of dysuria, mild pelvic pain; gland feels normal wi/o tenderness or swelling
What is the most common PE with prostate cancer?
hardness of gland; hard nodule that alters the contour of the gland
