Geriatrics

Question 1

which part of the BP is usually elevated for the elderly?

Answer 1

Systolic component

Question 2

what can cause postural hypotension in the elderly?

Answer 2

Dehydration
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Polypharmacy

Question 3

Does respiration rate typically change in the elderly?

Answer 3

No, usually remains unchanged

Question 4

What three things you must rule out when you see actinic purpura?

Answer 4

Abuse (bruises)
Hemoglobinopathies
Anticoagulants

Question 5

Which is cancerous- actinic purpura or actinic keratoses?

Answer 5

Actinic keratoses

Question 6

What is actinic keratoses a precursor for?

Answer 6

Squamous cell CA

Question 7

What is inability to hear in the upper ranges with age?

Answer 7

Presbycussis

Question 8

What could a pulsating mass in the neck be?

Answer 8

The aorta (gets a little torturous)

Question 9

What are the 2 most common murmurs in elderly?

Answer 9

Aortic stenosis

mitral valvue regurgitation

Question 10

What may an S3 indicate?

Answer 10

Volume overload LV

Question 11

What might be the only sign of hyperthyroidism in elderly?

Answer 11

Elevated temperature

Question 12

what is sarcopenia?

Answer 12

Loss of muscle mass/ strength

Question 13

What are the three positions for the Rhomberg 3?

Answer 13

Feet together
Feet 1/2 tandem
feet full tandem

Question 14

What is presbyopia?

Answer 14

Near sightedness

Question 15

What is a secondary infection related to angular cheilitis?

Answer 15

Candida

Question 16

What type of skin tumor has telangiectatic vessels visible?

Answer 16

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 17

What type of spot on the fundi is a sign of macular degeneration?

Answer 17

drusen

Question 18

What are the two types of macular degeneration?

Answer 18

dry atrophic (more common, less severe) 
wet exudative (neovascular)

Question 19

What suggests glaucoma?

Answer 19

increased cup-to-disc ratio

Question 20

How is CO maintained?

Answer 20

Increased SV even with decreased heart rate

Question 21

Why is there atypical presentations of common complaints in the abdomen?

Answer 21

blunting

Question 22

What is the chair-rise test?

Answer 22

To assess quad strength: rise from chair without using hands; allow 2-3 attempts

Question 23

Delirium

Answer 23

Rapid functional change in mental status that fluctuates within minutes to hours (acute infection, post-op, withdrawal)

Question 24

What is Age-related decline?

Answer 24

sporadic; difficulty with names, mild forgetfulness, or reduced concentration, affects function

Question 25

What is MCI?

Answer 25

memory impaired with no cognitive deficits or functional decline

Question 26

Alzheimer’s

Answer 26

progressive global deterioration: multiple domains; short term memory, language, executive function, sequential tasks (repeat questions, lose objects, become lost in familiar surroundings, aphasia, apraxia)

Question 27

Mini-cog

Answer 27

1: 3 word recall
2: draw simple clock to specific time
3: recall the words in step 1

Question 28

On the mini-cog exam what score is demented?

Answer 28

0: no words recalled

1-2 words recalled with abnormal clock

Question 29

On mini-cog exam what score is non-demented?

Answer 29

1-2 words recalled with normal clock

recall all 3 words