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intro to health careers > med term chp.11 > Flashcards

med term chp.11 Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

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2
Q

Apex

A

Lower tip of heart

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3
Q

Ateriole

A

Small artery

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4
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the upper and lower heart chambers; bundle of his

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5
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chamber of heart

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6
Q

Capillary

A

Smallest blood vessel

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7
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Gas released by travel cells; travels via where then exhaled blood to the lungs

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8
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of heartbeat

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9
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of heart

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10
Q

Oxygen

A

Gas that enters the blood thru lungs

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11
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of heartbeat

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12
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygenrich blood to heart

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13
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Blood lacking in oxygen

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14
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record of electricity flow through heart

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15
Q

Endothelium

A

Innermost liningof blood vessels

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16
Q

Mitral valve

A

Positioned between the left upper and lower heart chambers

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17
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound

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18
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular, middle layer of heart

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19
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

Resting rate of 60-100 bpm

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20
Q

Pacemaker

A

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node

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21
Q

Pericardium

A

Double-layered membrane surrounding heart

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22
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Vessel that carries oxygen pour blood from heart to lungs

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23
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Located between lower right chamber and the vessel carrying blood to the lungs

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24
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

One of 2 pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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25
Q

Pulse

A

Beat of heart felt thru wall of arteries

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26
Q

Septum

A

Partition or wall dividing the chambers of the heart

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27
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Instrument to measure bp

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28
Q

Tricuspid value

A

Located between upper and lower right heart chambers

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29
Q

Vena cava

A

Largest vein in the body

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30
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chamber of heart

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31
Q

Venule

A

Small vein

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32
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Narrowing of aorta(congenital anomaly

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33
Q

Congestive heart disease

A

Heart is unableto pump its required amount of blood

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34
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Disease originating in the arteries surrounding the heart

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35
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation the river lining of the heart

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36
Q

Fibrillation

A

Very rapid, random inefficient, and irregular contractions of heart

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37
Q

Flutter

A

Rapid but regular contractions of heart (usually the atria )

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38
Q

Heart block

A

Failure of proper conduction impulses from the SA node thru the rest of heart

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39
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

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40
Q

Septal defects

A

Small holes in the wall between the atria or the wall between the ventricles

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41
Q

Tetralogy of Fallon

A

Congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects

42
Q

Aneurysm

A

Local widening of an arterial wall

43
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Blood clot forms in a large vein (usually lower limb)

44
Q

Hypertension

A

High bp (essential and secondary) are types

45
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A

High bp that affects the heart

46
Q

Mitral value prolapse

A

Improper closure of the bicuspid valve

47
Q

Murmur ( #2)

A

Extra heart sound heard between normal beats

48
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

49
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Blockage of blood vessels carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs

50
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

51
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart discuse caused by rheumatic fever

52
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen or twisted veins; usually occur in legs

53
Q

Acute coronary syndromes

A

Unstable angina and heart attack; consequences are plaque rupture in coronary arteries

54
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain resulting from blood flow being held back from heart muscle

55
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

A

Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 and dilates blood vessel

56
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening for sounds using a stethoscope

57
Q

Beta blocker

A

Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias by blocking the action of epinephrine @ receptor sites on cells

58
Q

Bruit

A

Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery

59
Q

Biventricular pacemaker

A

Device that enables ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of heart

60
Q

Calcium channel blocker

A

Drug used to treat angina I hypertension; dilates blood vessels stopping the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels

61
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action

62
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

63
Q

Claudication

A

Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun.

64
Q

Digoxin

A

Drug that treats arrhythmia and strengthens the heartbeat

65
Q

Embolus

A

Clot or other material that travels to a distant location

66
Q

Infarction

A

Area of dead tissue

67
Q

Nitrates

A

Drug used in the treatment of angina by dilating blood vessels

68
Q

Occlusion

A

Closure of a blood vessel due to a blockage

69
Q

Palpitations

A

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias

70
Q

Patent

A

Open

71
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart

72
Q

Petechiae

A

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages

73
Q

Statins

A

Drugs that lover cholesterol in blood

74
Q

Thrill

A

Libration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow

75
Q

Vegetations

A

Clumps of platelets and other material on diseased heart waves

76
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

77
Q

BNP test

A

Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in blood identifies patients with heart failure

78
Q

Computerized tomography angiography

A

3D X-ray images of heart & coronary arteries are produced using a 64 slice Ct scanner

79
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

Video equip. and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels (computer compares two images with and without contrast and subtracts one from the other)

80
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves are used to measure blood flow in blood vessels

81
Q

Echocardiography

A

High-frequency sound waves produce images of the structure into the heart via a tube

82
Q

Electron beam computed tomography

A

This test can identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease

83
Q

Lipid tests

A

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample

84
Q

Lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

LDL and HDL are physically separated and measured in the blood sample

85
Q

Serum enzyme tests

A

Chemicals (creating kinase, troponins) are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

86
Q

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

Placement of a balloon-expandable structure into the heart via a tube

87
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart through a vein of artery

88
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Images of the her are produced with magnetic waves

89
Q

Cardioversion

A

Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop arrythmias (defibrillation)

90
Q

Electrocardiography

A

recording of electricity flowing through the heart

91
Q

Holter monitoring

A

An ECG device is worn during a 24-hr period to detect cardia arrythmias

92
Q

PET scan

A

Imitates show blood flow and myocardial function after uptake of radioactive glucose

93
Q

Stress test

A

An exercise tolerance test determines the hearts response to physical exertion

94
Q

Thallium 201 scan

A

Concentration of a radioactive element is measured to give information about blood supply to heart muscle

95
Q

Catheter ablation

A

Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryoenergy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias

96
Q

Coronary artery bypass grafting

A

Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

97
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

98
Q

Extracorporeal circulation

A

Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs are while the heart is repaired

99
Q

Heart transplantation

A

A donor heart is transferred to a recipient

100
Q

Percutaneous coronary intervention

A

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery (stents are used)

101
Q

Technetium Tc99m sestamibi scan

A

Radioactive tracer substance is injected intravenously and taken up by cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning

102
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

A

Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

intro to health careers (8 decks)

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