med term chp.11 Flashcards
Aorta
Largest artery in the body
Apex
Lower tip of heart
Ateriole
Small artery
Atrioventricular bundle
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the upper and lower heart chambers; bundle of his
Atrium
Upper chamber of heart
Capillary
Smallest blood vessel
Carbon dioxide
Gas released by travel cells; travels via where then exhaled blood to the lungs
Diastole
Relaxation phase of heartbeat
Endocardium
Inner lining of heart
Oxygen
Gas that enters the blood thru lungs
Systole
Contraction phase of heartbeat
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that carry oxygenrich blood to heart
Deoxygenated blood
Blood lacking in oxygen
Electrocardiogram
Record of electricity flow through heart
Endothelium
Innermost liningof blood vessels
Mitral valve
Positioned between the left upper and lower heart chambers
Murmur
Abnormal heart sound
Myocardium
Muscular, middle layer of heart
Normal sinus rhythm
Resting rate of 60-100 bpm
Pacemaker
Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node
Pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding heart
Pulmonary artery
Vessel that carries oxygen pour blood from heart to lungs
Pulmonary valve
Located between lower right chamber and the vessel carrying blood to the lungs
Pulmonary vein
One of 2 pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulse
Beat of heart felt thru wall of arteries
Septum
Partition or wall dividing the chambers of the heart
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument to measure bp
Tricuspid value
Located between upper and lower right heart chambers
Vena cava
Largest vein in the body
Ventricle
Lower chamber of heart
Venule
Small vein
Coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing of aorta(congenital anomaly
Congestive heart disease
Heart is unableto pump its required amount of blood
Coronary artery disease
Disease originating in the arteries surrounding the heart
Endocarditis
Inflammation the river lining of the heart
Fibrillation
Very rapid, random inefficient, and irregular contractions of heart
Flutter
Rapid but regular contractions of heart (usually the atria )
Heart block
Failure of proper conduction impulses from the SA node thru the rest of heart
Patent ductus arteriosus
Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth
Septal defects
Small holes in the wall between the atria or the wall between the ventricles
Tetralogy of Fallon
Congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects
Aneurysm
Local widening of an arterial wall
Deep vein thrombosis
Blood clot forms in a large vein (usually lower limb)
Hypertension
High bp (essential and secondary) are types
Hypertensive heart disease
High bp that affects the heart
Mitral value prolapse
Improper closure of the bicuspid valve
Murmur ( #2)
Extra heart sound heard between normal beats
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
Peripheral vascular disease
Blockage of blood vessels carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs
Raynaud disease
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
Rheumatic heart disease
Heart discuse caused by rheumatic fever
Varicose veins
Abnormally swollen or twisted veins; usually occur in legs
Acute coronary syndromes
Unstable angina and heart attack; consequences are plaque rupture in coronary arteries
Angina
Chest pain resulting from blood flow being held back from heart muscle
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 and dilates blood vessel
Auscultation
Listening for sounds using a stethoscope
Beta blocker
Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias by blocking the action of epinephrine @ receptor sites on cells
Bruit
Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery
Biventricular pacemaker
Device that enables ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of heart
Calcium channel blocker
Drug used to treat angina I hypertension; dilates blood vessels stopping the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
Cardiac arrest
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action
Cardiac tamponade
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
Claudication
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun.
Digoxin
Drug that treats arrhythmia and strengthens the heartbeat
Embolus
Clot or other material that travels to a distant location
Infarction
Area of dead tissue
Nitrates
Drug used in the treatment of angina by dilating blood vessels
Occlusion
Closure of a blood vessel due to a blockage
Palpitations
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias
Patent
Open
Pericardial friction rub
Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart
Petechiae
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
Statins
Drugs that lover cholesterol in blood
Thrill
Libration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow
Vegetations
Clumps of platelets and other material on diseased heart waves
Angiography
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
BNP test
Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in blood identifies patients with heart failure
Computerized tomography angiography
3D X-ray images of heart & coronary arteries are produced using a 64 slice Ct scanner
Digital subtraction angiography
Video equip. and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels (computer compares two images with and without contrast and subtracts one from the other)
Doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves are used to measure blood flow in blood vessels
Echocardiography
High-frequency sound waves produce images of the structure into the heart via a tube
Electron beam computed tomography
This test can identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease
Lipid tests
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
Lipoprotein electrophoresis
LDL and HDL are physically separated and measured in the blood sample
Serum enzyme tests
Chemicals (creating kinase, troponins) are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Placement of a balloon-expandable structure into the heart via a tube
Cardiac catheterization
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart through a vein of artery
Cardiac MRI
Images of the her are produced with magnetic waves
Cardioversion
Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop arrythmias (defibrillation)
Electrocardiography
recording of electricity flowing through the heart
Holter monitoring
An ECG device is worn during a 24-hr period to detect cardia arrythmias
PET scan
Imitates show blood flow and myocardial function after uptake of radioactive glucose
Stress test
An exercise tolerance test determines the hearts response to physical exertion
Thallium 201 scan
Concentration of a radioactive element is measured to give information about blood supply to heart muscle
Catheter ablation
Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryoenergy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias
Coronary artery bypass grafting
Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
Extracorporeal circulation
Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs are while the heart is repaired
Heart transplantation
A donor heart is transferred to a recipient
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery (stents are used)
Technetium Tc99m sestamibi scan
Radioactive tracer substance is injected intravenously and taken up by cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning
Thrombolytic therapy
Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
