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intro to health careers > med term chp. 18 > Flashcards

med term chp. 18 Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer section of a gland above each kidney: secretes cortiso: aldosterone. and sex hormones

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section of a gland above each kidney; secretes epinephrine

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3
Q

ovaries

A

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg cell production and estrogen secretion

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4
Q

pancreas

A

located behind the stomach; alpha and beta islet cells secrete hormones

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

pituitary gland

A

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; hypophysis

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7
Q

testes

A

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in the neck oin either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine

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9
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and bp

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10
Q

adrenocoritotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretions of the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldostreone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

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12
Q

androgen

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

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13
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; vasopressin

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14
Q

calcitonin

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium lvls

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15
Q

cortisol

A

secreted by the adrema; cortex; increases blood sugar

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16
Q

estradiol

A

female hornome secreted by ovaries

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17
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries

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18
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by the pancreas, increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

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19
Q

growth hormone (somatotropin)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

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20
Q

insulin

A

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; lowers blood sugar

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21
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation

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22
Q

oxytocin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

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23
Q

parahormone

A

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

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24
Q

prolactin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

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25
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

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26
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretion by the thyroid gland

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27
Q

progesterone

A

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

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28
Q

thyroxine

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells; T4

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29
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

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30
Q

corticosteroids

A

steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones are examples

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31
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt found I nthe blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium is an example

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32
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal enviornmenthy

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33
Q

hypothalamus

A

region of the brain lying below the thalamus; secretes factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

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34
Q

glucocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex;regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

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35
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortexl regulates mineral salts and water balance

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36
Q

sella turcica

A

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

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37
Q

sympathomimetic

A

mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline is an example

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38
Q

target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

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39
Q

ADENectomy

A

removal of gland

40
Q

ADRENALgland

A

removal of one of the glands above the kidney

41
Q

GONAD-TROPIN

A

any hormone that stimulates the sex glands/gonad

42
Q

HYPO-GONADism

A

deficiency ( in growth and secretions) of the sex glands

43
Q

PANCREAT-ectomy

A

resection of an endocrine gland below the sotmach

44
Q

PARATHYROID-ECTOMY

A

removal of the glands behind the thyroid gland

45
Q

HYPO-PITUITARism

A

condition of decreased secretion of the master gland

46
Q

THYRoTRPOIC hormone

A

a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland

47
Q

THYROIDitis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

48
Q

POLY-URIA

A

condition of excessive urination

49
Q

ANDROgen

A

male hormone (producing male characteristics)

50
Q

HYPO-CALC-EMIA

A

Low levels of calcium in the blood

51
Q

HYPER-CALC-iuria

A

High levels of calcium in the urine

52
Q

HYPER-CALC-EMIA

A

High levels of calcium in the blood

53
Q

CORTICO-steroid

A

A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

54
Q

polyDIPSia

A

excessive thirst

55
Q

ESTROgenic

A

pertaining to producing female characteristics

56
Q

GLYCemic

A

pertaining to sugar in the blood

57
Q

GLYCOgen

A

animal starch

58
Q

HYPER-GLYC-EMIA

A

high levels of sugar in the blood

59
Q

ANTI diuretic HORMONE

A

chemical that promotes water loss in urine

60
Q

HYPO-KAL-EMIA

A

low levels of potassium in the blood

61
Q

HYPO-PITUITARism

A

decreases of all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

62
Q

glucAGON

A

hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels

63
Q

HYPO-GLYC-EMIA

A

low levels of sugar in the blood

64
Q

epinephrINE

A

hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels

65
Q

adrenocorticoTROPIN

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex

66
Q

EUthyroid

A

normal thyroid function

67
Q

teraiodothyronine

A

thyroid gland hormone (T4)

68
Q

hyperKAL-EMIA

A

high levels of potassium in the blood

69
Q

GLYCOS-URIA

A

condition of sugar in urine

70
Q

HYPOinsulinism

A

deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas

71
Q

proLACTin

A

hormone that stimulates mulk secretion

72
Q

MYXedema

A

abnormal condition of mucus-like secretion pro

73
Q

HYPO-NATR-EMIA

A

low levels of sodium in the blood

74
Q

hypoPHYS-ECTOMY

A

removal of the pituitaryy gland

75
Q

SOMATOtropin

A

growth hormone

76
Q

STERoid

A

many hormones are examples of this solid, reing-shaped molecule

77
Q

oxyTOCin

A

a hormone that promote rapid labor and delivery

78
Q

TOCICosis

A

abnormal condition of mucus-like material under the skin

79
Q

Addison diesease

A

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

80
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens

81
Q

myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood

82
Q

Cushing shydrome

A

groupd of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

83
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results)

84
Q

hyperthyriodism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)

85
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results)

86
Q

cretinism

A

extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood

87
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

88
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

cancer of the thyroid gland (papillary and follicular are types)

89
Q

acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary gland beginning after puberty

90
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

91
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promote sugar, starch and fat (carbohydrate) metabolism in cells

92
Q

dwarfism

A

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone

93
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary beginning before puberty

94
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

excess secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia

95
Q

panypopituitarism

A

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

96
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

A

excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone

intro to health careers (8 decks)

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