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intro to health careers > chp. 21 medical terminology > Flashcards

chp. 21 medical terminology Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug

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2
Q

addictive action

A

drug action in which the combonation of two similar durgs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

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3
Q

aerosol

A

particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled

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4
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foregin protein

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5
Q

antagonistic action

A

combination of two drugs gives less than an addictive effect (action)

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6
Q

antidote

A

agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug

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7
Q

brand name

A

commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name

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8
Q

chemical name

A

chemical formula for a drug

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9
Q

contraindication

A

factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

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10
Q

generic name

A

legal noncommercial name for a drug

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11
Q

iatrogenic

A

condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel

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12
Q

idiosyncrasy/idiosyncratic reaction

A

unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people

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13
Q

inhalation

A

administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

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14
Q

medicinal chemistry

A

study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects

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15
Q

molecular pharmacology

A

study of interaction of drugs adn their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors

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16
Q

oral administration

A

drugs are given by mouth

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17
Q

parenteral administration

A

drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract) ex.: subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections and instillations

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18
Q

pharmacist

A

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

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19
Q

pharmacy

A

location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs

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20
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of drug effects within the body

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21
Q

food and drug administration (FDA)

A

government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use

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22
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of drug absorption, distrubution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

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23
Q

pharmacology

A

study of the prepgaration, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs

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24
Q

physicians desk reference (PDR)

A

reference book that lists drug products; PDR

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25
Q

receptor

A

target substance with which a drug interacts in the body

26
Q

rectal administration

A

drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum

27
Q

side effect

A

adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug

28
Q

sublingual administration

A

drugs are given by placement under the tongue

29
Q

synergism

A

combonaiton of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone

30
Q

syringe

A

instrument (tube) for introducting or withdrawing fluids from the body

31
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

drug that lowers blood pressure (by dilating blood vessels)

32
Q

amphetamine

A

central nervous system stimulant

33
Q

analgesic

A

relieves pain

34
Q

anesthetic

A

reduceds or eliminates sensation; general and local

35
Q

antacid

A

neutralizes acid in the stomach

36
Q

tolerance

A

laterger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect

37
Q

topical application

A

drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ex.: ointments, creams, and lotions

38
Q

toxicity

A

harmful effects of a drug

39
Q

toxicology

A

study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body

40
Q

vitamin

A

substance found in fods and essential in small quantities for growht and good health

41
Q

antibiotic

A

chemical substance, produced by a plan or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body

42
Q

beta-blocker

A

drug that blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive

43
Q

bisphosphonate

A

prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

44
Q

caffine

A

centeral nervous system stimulation (found in coffee and tea)

45
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive (also called calcium antagonist)

46
Q

cathartic

A

relieves constipation

47
Q

diuretic

A

increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive

48
Q

emetic

A

promotes vomiting

49
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone form the adernal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation

50
Q

hypnotic

A

produces sleep or a trance-like state

51
Q

antihistamine

A

blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy

52
Q

antiplatelet

A

reduceds the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot

53
Q

aromatase inhibitor

A

reduces estrogen i nthe blood by blocking the enxyme atomatase

54
Q

narcotic

A

habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples

55
Q

progestin

A

female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during preganacy (and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy)

56
Q

purgative

A

relieves constipation; strong cathartic

57
Q

sedative

A

midly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep

58
Q

stimulant

A

drug that excites and promotes acitivity; ex.: caffine and amphetamines

59
Q

thyroid hormone

A

stimulates cellular metabolism

60
Q

tranquilizer

A

controls anxiety and servere disturbances of behavior

intro to health careers (8 decks)

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