chp. 21 medical terminology

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug

Question 2

addictive action

Answer 2

drug action in which the combonation of two similar durgs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

Question 3

aerosol

Answer 3

particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled

Question 4

anaphylaxis

Answer 4

exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foregin protein

Question 5

antagonistic action

Answer 5

combination of two drugs gives less than an addictive effect (action)

Question 6

antidote

Answer 6

agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug

Question 7

brand name

Answer 7

commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name

Question 8

chemical name

Answer 8

chemical formula for a drug

Question 9

contraindication

Answer 9

factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

Question 10

generic name

Answer 10

legal noncommercial name for a drug

Question 11

iatrogenic

Answer 11

condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel

Question 12

idiosyncrasy/idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 12

unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people

Question 13

inhalation

Answer 13

administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

Question 14

medicinal chemistry

Answer 14

study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects

Question 15

molecular pharmacology

Answer 15

study of interaction of drugs adn their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors

Question 16

oral administration

Answer 16

drugs are given by mouth

Question 17

parenteral administration

Answer 17

drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract) ex.: subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections and instillations

Question 18

pharmacist

Answer 18

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

Question 19

pharmacy

Answer 19

location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs

Question 20

pharmacodynamics

Answer 20

study of drug effects within the body

Question 21

food and drug administration (FDA)

Answer 21

government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use

Question 22

pharmacokinetics

Answer 22

study of drug absorption, distrubution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

Question 23

pharmacology

Answer 23

study of the prepgaration, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs

Question 24

physicians desk reference (PDR)

Answer 24

reference book that lists drug products; PDR

Question 25

receptor

Answer 25

target substance with which a drug interacts in the body

Question 26

rectal administration

Answer 26

drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum

Question 27

side effect

Answer 27

adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug

Question 28

sublingual administration

Answer 28

drugs are given by placement under the tongue

Question 29

synergism

Answer 29

combonaiton of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone

Question 30

syringe

Answer 30

instrument (tube) for introducting or withdrawing fluids from the body

Question 31

ACE inhibitor

Answer 31

drug that lowers blood pressure (by dilating blood vessels)

Question 32

amphetamine

Answer 32

central nervous system stimulant

Question 33

analgesic

Answer 33

relieves pain

Question 34

anesthetic

Answer 34

reduceds or eliminates sensation; general and local

Question 35

antacid

Answer 35

neutralizes acid in the stomach

Question 36

tolerance

Answer 36

laterger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect

Question 37

topical application

Answer 37

drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ex.: ointments, creams, and lotions

Question 38

toxicity

Answer 38

harmful effects of a drug

Question 39

toxicology

Answer 39

study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body

Question 40

vitamin

Answer 40

substance found in fods and essential in small quantities for growht and good health

Question 41

antibiotic

Answer 41

chemical substance, produced by a plan or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body

Question 42

beta-blocker

Answer 42

drug that blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive

Question 43

bisphosphonate

Answer 43

prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

Question 44

caffine

Answer 44

centeral nervous system stimulation (found in coffee and tea)

Question 45

calcium channel blocker

Answer 45

drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive (also called calcium antagonist)

Question 46

cathartic

Answer 46

relieves constipation

Question 47

diuretic

Answer 47

increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive

Question 48

emetic

Answer 48

promotes vomiting

Question 49

glucocorticoid

Answer 49

hormone form the adernal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation

Question 50

hypnotic

Answer 50

produces sleep or a trance-like state

Question 51

antihistamine

Answer 51

blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy

Question 52

antiplatelet

Answer 52

reduceds the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot

Question 53

aromatase inhibitor

Answer 53

reduces estrogen i nthe blood by blocking the enxyme atomatase

Question 54

narcotic

Answer 54

habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples

Question 55

progestin

Answer 55

female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during preganacy (and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy)

Question 56

purgative

Answer 56

relieves constipation; strong cathartic

Question 57

sedative

Answer 57

midly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep

Question 58

stimulant

Answer 58

drug that excites and promotes acitivity; ex.: caffine and amphetamines

Question 59

thyroid hormone

Answer 59

stimulates cellular metabolism

Question 60

tranquilizer

Answer 60

controls anxiety and servere disturbances of behavior