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Studying > Med Sci check in > Flashcards

Med Sci check in Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryote pathogens

A

-Protists
-Helminth/ectoparasites
-Fungi

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2
Q

Microorganism pathogen

A

-Bacteria
-Fungus
-Protists
-Helminths

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3
Q

Pathogens

A

-Virus
-Prions
-Helminths
-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Protists

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4
Q

John Snow

A

Epidemiology

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5
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Germ Theory

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6
Q

Robert Koche

A

Bacteriology/causal agents of disease

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7
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Aseptic technique

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8
Q

Virus reproduction

A

Lysogenic cycle

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9
Q

Bacteria reproduction

A

Binary Fission

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10
Q

Prion reproduction

A

Misfolded protein going near other tissues

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11
Q

Protist Reproduction

A

Mitosis

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12
Q

Helminth Reproduction

A

Meiosis

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13
Q

Fungi reproduction

A

Mitosis/Meiosis

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14
Q

Miasma

A

1840- poison vapors are what make us sick

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15
Q

Pathogen

A

Biological mechanism of disease progress

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16
Q

Koch’s postulates

A
  1. Microorganism must be found in affected organisms but not healthy ones
    2.Microorganism must be isolated from diseased organism and grown in pure culture
    3.Cultured organism must cause disease when introduced to healthy organism
    4.Microorganism must be reisolated from inoculated. diseased host must be identical as causative agent
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17
Q

Problems w/ Koch’s postulates

A

-Does not work for virus/prions
-Some people carry pathogens but show no symptoms
-Some pathogens can’t be grown in pitri dish
-Not all capable of contracting disease
-Mutations occur, pathogens will not look exact same

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18
Q

Chain of infection

A

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
New host

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19
Q

Antiseptic

A

For people

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20
Q

Disinfectant

A

NOT FOR PEOPLE !!

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21
Q

Virus

A

-20-200nm
-Capsid (Made of protein), nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
-May have envelope
eg. COVID-19, Influenza

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22
Q

Bacteria

A

-Single cell chromosome, ribosome, cytosol
-1-10 micrometers
-Groups = aggregations
-Some produce harmful toxins
-Glucose = peptidoglycan
eg. e.coli, salmonella typhi, etc

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23
Q

Gram stain

A

Determines how will an antibiotic will work

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24
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A

Coccus (Circular)
Bacilli (Oval)
Spirilla (Cork screw

25
Q

Bacteria grouping

A

Diplo - 2
Staphylo - cluster
Strepto - chain

26
Q

Protists

A

-Nucleus, membrane bound organelles
-10-100 micrometers
-Live in water
eg. Malaria, Giardiasis

27
Q

Fungi

A

-5-15 micrometers
-Some do not cause human disease
-Some produce toxins
-Cell division = budding
-Like moist areas
-Multi. cell. branch out = hyphae
eg. Athlete’s foot, ringworm

28
Q

Helminth/Ectoparasites

A

20-80 micrometers as egg
-1 meter as adult
-poor sanitation, moist/warm areas
-Undercooked meat
-Tapeworm, roundworms, flukes

ectoparasites - lice/scabies, 150-400 micrometers

29
Q

Prions

A

Protein
Holes in brain
*Proteinaceous infectious particle
15nm
RARE

30
Q

Which bacteria has pep.

31
Q

The plague

A

Yersinia Pestis
Bacteria
Vector —- FLEAS !!

32
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

PROVIRUSES !!
-Eventually goes to lytic
-Can take years
-Integrates its DNA into host cell

33
Q

Lytic Cycle

A

DESTROYS CELLS !!
-Hours to days

34
Q

Principles of surgical Asepsis

A

-Sterile object only remains sterile when touching another sterile object
-Only sterile objects can be on sterile field
-Anything that is sterile that is out of range or view is contaminated
-If sterile object exposed to air for 15-20 minutes, may be contaminated
-If sterile field comes into contact w/ moisture, moist area is contaminated
-Liquid flows in direction of gravity; forceps point down
-1 inch around sterile field = contaminated

35
Q

PPE

A

Personal protective equipment
eg. gloves, goggles, etc.

36
Q

Danger zone for bacteria replication

A

4 degrees c-60 degrees c

37
Q

Principles of food safety

A

-Chill
-Cook
-Separate
-Clean

38
Q

Infection timeline

A

-Infection (Exposure)
-Latent period
-Incubation period
-Period of communicability

39
Q

Virulence

A

Quantitative term (How sick you get; how well a pathogen bypasses host’s defenses)

40
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Qualitative, causes disease or nah

41
Q

Types of reservoir

A

Human
Animal
Environment

42
Q

Zoonosis

A

Disease spread from animal with vertebrae to human

43
Q

Portals of exit

A

-Respiratory
-Digestive
-Skin
-Genitourinary
-Blood
-Breastmilk

44
Q

Passive carrier

A

Does not reside in person

45
Q

Active carrier

A

Resides in person

46
Q

Portals of entry

A

-Skin
-Mucous membranes
-Blood
-Placeta (Mother to child)
-Digestive

47
Q

CHOLERAAAAAAAAAAAAA

A

Vibrio cholerae
-Bacteria

48
Q

Direct contact

A

-Vertical
-Horizontal
-Droplets

49
Q

Types of direct contact

A

Direct contact *Horizontal, vertical, droplets
Injection/Inoculation
Contact with soil

50
Q

MALARIAAAAAAAAAAA

A

Plasmodium falciparum
-Protozoan

51
Q

Droplet

A

-1m or less
-Larger than 5 micrometers
-Lasts for minutes
-Direct
-EBOLA

52
Q

Airborne

A

-Over 1m
-Smaller than 5 micrometers
-Lasts for hours
-Indirect
-Measles

53
Q

Drug resistant pathogen (Superbugs)

A

Pathogens that grew up to be a bitch and resist medicine
-eg. Candida auris, Staphlyococcus auris, TUBERCULOSIS ??

54
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Pathogen picked up from hospital

55
Q

Secondary infection

A

A new pathogenic infection when you already have one
-First will wear down immune system, allowing other to get in
-eg. pneumonia

56
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

A pathogen that can only enter given the opportunity (Eg. weakened immune system)

57
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A

Crypto parvum
-Vehicle (Water)

58
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

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