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Fundamentals > Med Admin > Flashcards

Med Admin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six rights of medication administration?

A

Right Client
Right medication
right dose
right route of administration
right time of delivery/frequency
right documentation

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2
Q

Why is it important to have the right client?

A

you don’t want the wrong patient

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3
Q

What are ways to check the dose?

A

make sure you’ve cut the pill if necessary
make sure to have the right mL, grams, mg

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4
Q

What are some ways you have the right medication?

A

it should match with the parameters such as the SBP and DBP and blood glucose levels

look to see if the medication is for the correct diagnosis

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5
Q

Why is it important to administer medications on time?

A

it maintains a consistent therapeutic blood level.

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6
Q

What is the window of time in which you need to administer medications for a time-critical medication?

A

within 30 minutes of prescribed time either before or after

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7
Q

What is an example of a time-critical medication?

A

antibiotics

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8
Q

What is important about documentation?

A

this is important to see when the last dose was given and if it was given.

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9
Q

If a client refuses the medication, what should the nurse do?

A

explain consequences, inform the provider, and document the refusal

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10
Q

How would you evaluate the medication’s effectiveness?(2)

A

follow up with therapeutic as well as adverse effects

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11
Q

How many times should you check the MAR?

A

three times
When you get the order
at the medication cart
and before giving the medication

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12
Q

What is important about medication reconciliation?

A

it ensures quality f care by reviewing the client’s current medications and addressing omissions and duplications

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13
Q

What is the peak of a drug’s effectiveness?

A

It’s the highest concentration, not necessarily at it’s most therapeutic level

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14
Q

What are trough serum levels?

A

the lowest level of concentration of a medication that correlates to the rate of elimination

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15
Q

What are Serious Adverse Drug Events?

A

severe and unexpected effects of the drug such as death, permanent disability or congenital anomaly

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16
Q

What should ADE be handled?

A

reported to FDA to imporve safety outomes, revising drug labels and warnings, and when needed, to withdraw drugs

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17
Q

What is a BBW?

A

issued on medications that may produce a lethal and iatrogenic drug

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18
Q

What are some drug reactions?

A

anaphylaxis
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

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19
Q

What are symptoms of anaphylaxis? ( 3)

A

histamine release producing dyspnea, hypotension, and tachycardia

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20
Q

What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A

occurs 1-14 days after drug administration and includes distress, fever, chills, a diffuse fine rash, and then blisters

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21
Q

what are common medication errors? (8)

A

wrong medication or IV fluid
incorrect dose or IV infusion rate
wrong client, rougt or time
administration of a medication to which the client is allergic
omission or addition of dose
incorrect discontination of med or IVE fluid
inaccurate prescribing.

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22
Q

What is the study of the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion of drugs in the human body.

A

pharmacokinetics

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23
Q

The dissolution of a medication is dependent on (2)

A

initial state and route of administration.

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24
Q

What kind of administration are slowest?

A

oral/enteral

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25
Q

What is the process of converting a medication to a form that is easily excreted from the body.

A

metabolism or biotransformation

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26
Q

What organ metabolizes most drugs?

A

liver

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27
Q

what are some secondary organs responsible for drug metabolism?

A

kidneys and sections of s. intestine

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28
Q

prodrugs

A

Inactive chemicals that are transformed through metabolism to become active before they have a therapeutic effect.

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29
Q

How do oral meds pass through the body to get to their location?

A

from the small intestine to the hepatic circulation via the mesenteric vein and portal vein flowing into the liver

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30
Q

What does the first-pass effect do to drugs and why?

A

they have a lower concentration when they reach systemic circulation because their pass through the liver has made them less potent

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31
Q

What is the primary organ responsible for drug excretion?

A

kidneys

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32
Q

What structures exctrete medications to a lesser extent than the kidneys? (4)

A

skin, lungs, and exocrine glands and intestines

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33
Q

what is drug toxicity?

A

when the body is unable to metabolize and excrete a drug; drug is stuck in circulation

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34
Q

What do teratogenic drugs do?

A

cause fetal defects

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35
Q

What are the things that a complete medication order should contain? (8)

A

Client’s name
Date/time order written
Drug name (generic)
Dosage
Route of administration
Frequency-how often they receive the med
Indication for use
Provider’s signature

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36
Q

What should you do if the long chemical name is too long or hard to pronounce?

A

put the brand name

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37
Q

What does TORB stand for?

A

telephone order (has been) read back

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38
Q

What are generally considered high-alert medications?

A

with an increased risk of causing considerable client harm when they are administered in error.

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39
Q

What are examples of high-alert drugs?

A

Insulin
opiates
narcotics
intravenous heparin
injectable potassium chloride are high-alert medications.

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40
Q

What is one way to reduce the risk of harm with a high-alert medication?

A

manual independent double checks with two nurses verifying identical information before these drugs are administered.

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41
Q

What route is administered directly into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

enteral

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42
Q

What route of administration is applied directly to the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, respiratory tract, vagina, rectum, and urinary tract

A

topical

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43
Q

What medication is administered by injection using a needle and syringe or a catheter-all injections and IV

A

Parenteral

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44
Q

What is it called if medications that can be administered between one and two hours early or late without causing harm or substandard pharmacological effects to the client?

A

non-time critical

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45
Q

What is the angle of a intramuscular injection?

A

90 degrees

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46
Q

What are examples of IM injections?

A

covid, vaccines, etc

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47
Q

What angles should the subcutaneous injections be administered?

A

90 if you can pinch more than 2 inches
45 if you can only pinch one inch

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48
Q

what are examples of intradermal injections?

A

TB test and allergy tests

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49
Q

What angles should an intradermal card be?

A

5 to 15

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50
Q

How thick is an IM injection liquid?

A

very viscous

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51
Q

Where should you place an IM shot?

A

ventrogluteal, deltoid, vastus lateralis

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52
Q

Where should you put a subcutaneous injection?

A

abdomen, two inches away from the belly button
upper arm
back
outer thigh

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53
Q

Where can intradermal injections go?

A

into the inner forearm back

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54
Q

What is ADME?

A

Absorption
Drug
Metabolism
Excretion

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55
Q

What kind of factors affect the rate of absorption? Eight.

A

Route of administration
Ionization
Disillusion
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
Surface area of absorptive site
Client specific factors

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56
Q

What is ionization of medication?

A

The pH of medication and the site of absorption

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57
Q

What are some factors that affect dissolution?

A

Initial state
Route of administration

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58
Q

Fill in the blank medication’s are absorbed more rapidly where blood flow is blank?

A

Blood flow is high

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59
Q

What are some clients specific factors that will affect absorption?

A

Pathophysiological processes
Diseases or injury
Gender
age

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60
Q

What is the rate at which the medication permeates the membranes?

A

Ionization

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61
Q

What would happen if aspirin became ionized in the small intestines alkaline environment?

A

It would be absorbed faster

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62
Q

How does a lipid solubility affect absorption?

A

Highly lipid-soluble medications are absorbed more rapidly than one that has low lipid solubility.

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63
Q

What do lipids due to medication that affect absorption?

A

They carry medication molecules through the membrane of blood vessels, and into the bloodstream

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64
Q

Why are oral medication’s designed to be absorbed in the small intestine?

A

Because the small intestine has a larger surface area than the stomach does

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65
Q

Where are enteral medication’s mostly absorbed

A

In the small intestine

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66
Q

What do mucous membranes of the G.I. tract do to medication Movement?

A

delay

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67
Q

Why do IM injections Have a faster disruption rate than subcutaneous injections?

A

Muscles have more blood flow than the dermis

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68
Q

If someone vomits after a medication is swallowed, what are some factors to consider before administering another oral dose? (3)

A

Time between a ministration and the vomiting episode
Presence of medication in the vomitus
Type of medication, such as extended release, or short acting

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69
Q

What should you do if a patient vomits after swallowing medication?

A

Inspector vomitus for any presence of the medication

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70
Q

What are some factors that affect distribution of medication in the body? (4)

A

Clients circulatory status
Medication solubility
protein binding ability
Permeability of the cell membrane

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71
Q

What are the organs of the body that receive the greatest blood supply, and therefore medication? (4)

A

Heart, brain, liver, and kidneys

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72
Q

What are some farriers in the body that prevent substances from crossing such as medication?

A

Blood brain barrier
Fetal placental barrier

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73
Q

What are some factors that can affect the absorption of oral medication? (4)

A

Stability and solubility of the medication
GI PH and emptying time
Presence of food in the stomach or intestines
Concurrent medication’s
Forms of medication, such as enteric-coated, pills, and liquids

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74
Q

What is the chemical process of converting a medication structure?

A

Metabolism or biotransformation

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75
Q

What are inactive chemicals that are activated through metabolism to exert their therapeutic affects?

A

Prodrugs

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76
Q

Why should infants be monitored when giving medication’s?

A

They have immature, liver function that reduces the rate of metabolism

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77
Q

What are two age populations that may have altered liver function, and cannot metabolize medication’s like other populations?

A

Infants and geriatrics

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78
Q

What are some physiological considerations for geriatric patients when administering medication’s?

A

Reduces liver function and size
Blood flow and enzyme production are slower

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79
Q

What does the CYP enzyme in liver do to medication metabolism

A

They regulate the rate at which a medication is broken down, and the amount of time the medication stays in the body

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80
Q

What is a method to monitor medication? Concentration in a clients blood?

A

Therapeutic drug monitoring

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81
Q

What is it called when a medication is at its highest concentration, but below the toxic level?

A

Peak blood level

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82
Q

What is the lowest level of concentration in a medication that correlates to the rate of illumination?

A

Trough blood level

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83
Q

When is the trough blood level measured?

A

Before administering the next schedule, dose

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84
Q

What is it called when a medication activates receptors to initiate a preferred response?

A

Agonist

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85
Q

What is it called when a medication prevents the activation of a receptor?

A

Antagonist 

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86
Q

What are medication thought have limited affinity to receptor sites

A

Partial agonist

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87
Q

What constitutes a serious adverse drug event?

A

I left threatening medication reaction that requires medical intervention to prevent death, permanent disability or congenital anomaly or causes hospitalization or belongs in hospitalization

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88
Q

Why must adverse drug events been reported to the FDA?

A

So that the agency can worked to improve safety outcomes, revise medication, labels, and warnings and withdrawal medications, if needed

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89
Q

What is a black box warning label

A

It is a label put on medication’s that may produce lethal and iatrogenic results

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90
Q

Iron is poorly absorbed, when taken with what type of food

A

Dairy or anti-acids contain magnesium

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91
Q

How long should medication be taken if the order recommends that to be taken on an empty stomach?

A

At least one hour before or two hours after a meal

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92
Q

What are some individuals characteristics factors that affect medication actions?

A

Developmental changes
Age
Weight
Gender
Culture and ethnicity
Genetics
Nutritional status
Disease status

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93
Q

What are some drugs that are categorized as teratogenic?

A

Cocaine
Alcohol
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Gentamicin
Lithium
Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs
Tetracycline

94
Q

What are some drugs that can cross the fetal placental barrier and can be excreted into the breast milk after metabolism 

A

Codeine
Morphine
Herbal supplements
alcohol
MACH

95
Q

What is the parameter of a medication that has a short half-life?

A

Medication’s that leave the body quickly within 4 to 8 hours

96
Q

Pediatric patients have a blank rate of metabolism than older patients

A

Higher rate

97
Q

Why do pediatric patients need a higher dose or frequent administration of medication, then adults to maintain therapeutic effects

A

An infant has a higher rate of metabolism and full renal function is not achieved until one year of age

98
Q

Most of what kind of medication and in‘ L O L‘

A

Beta blockers

99
Q

What does PRN mean and what does it stand for?

A

As needed, or pro re nata

100
Q

What type of medication can be PRN medication’s?

A

Pain
Nausea
Fever

101
Q

How many times should you give a stat medication?

A

Just one time immediately within 30 minutes of the order

102
Q

What type of medication’s are urgent, now, or ASAP medication’s

A

Preoperative medication’s
And other one time dose medication’s

103
Q

What are some types of non-critical medication‘s?

A

Medication that can be administered one to two hours early or late

104
Q

What are the different types of time critical medication’s

A

Medication’s scheduled to be administered routinely less than four hours apart
Given separately from other medication’s
Administered around meal times such as antidiabetic medication’s

105
Q

What does the centers for Medicare and Medicaid services require in terms of medication timing

A

All facilities must have procedures and policies in place to address the timing of all medications

106
Q

What should the nurse do if your client refuses medication?

A

Investigate the reasons for refusal and dispel any fears or misconceptions
Notify the healthcare provider
Provide appropriate documentation

107
Q

What are some factors contributing to merit medical errors?

A

Failure to check the accuracy for the medication prescription
Failure to follow the rights of medication administration
Failure to assess the client for any high-risk area. Post related to each disease, dates, lab data, allergies.
Giving medication before they can be verified by the pharmacist
Incomplete or illegible prescriptions with missing components of medication prescription
Working under stressful conditions

108
Q

Where is the right to refuse the medication documented

A

On the MAR

109
Q

What organization emphasize the importance of medication reconciliation?

A

The joint commission

110
Q

What is the goal of medication reconciliation?

A

Develop
Update
Coordinate
Communicate accurate, client medication information during transitions of care

111
Q

What are the steps for medication reconciliation?

A

Develop a list of current meds and verify the accuracy
Develop medication prescribed in the hospital
Reconcile with in hospital list
Resolve any discrepancies with the provider
Supply in formation to the next provider of care

112
Q

What are strategies to prevent interruption during medication administration?

A

Prevent people from conversing within the AMDS
Decreasing the use of cell phones
Using standardized speech when interrupted during medication preparation
Wearing vests while med admin

113
Q

What are safeguards for high alert medication’s?

A

To manual independent checks on the medication order, right dose for clients, age and weight, right time, right does calculation, and write client

114
Q

What are some common high alert medication’s?

A

Insulin
Opiates
Narcotics
Intravenous heparin
Injection able potassium chloride

115
Q

When does the highest risk of committing a medication error occur?

A

When the nurse actually gives the medication

116
Q

What steps should be taken if a medication error occurs

A

After the patient has been monitored and is stable hey incident report should be filed

117
Q

What is included in a medication error incident report

A

What actions were taken?
Situation around the air, including what happened
Other people involved
Circumstances that may have played a role in the air
State only fax, omitting opinions, more excuses

118
Q

How should you prep medications of differen assessments?

A

put them in separate cups

119
Q

What should you do thirty minutes after you give medication?

A

check the client’s vitals

120
Q

What are advantages of the oral route?

A

they are convenient,
costs less
typically safer route
clients can self administer

121
Q

What are some disadvantages of oral medications?

A

Slow onset of action
Subject to first-pass effect
May have an unpleasant taste
Not appropriate for unconscious clients
Not appropriate for clients with excessive vomiting and/or diarrhea

122
Q

What are advantages of SL meds?

A

Rapid onset of action
Bypasses first-pass effects
Can be self-administered by the client

123
Q

What are disadvantages of SL meds?

A

Not appropriate for children
May cause membrane irritation

124
Q

What are advantages of rectal meds?

A

Can be administered to children, unconscious clients, or clients who are unable to swallow
Increased concentration is achieved quickly

125
Q

What are disadvantages of rectal meds?

A

Not liked by clients
Absorption varies
Rectal mucosa can become irritated or swollen

126
Q

What are advantages of IV meds?

A

Rapid onset
Can be used with clients who are unconscious, noncompliant, or unable to tolerate oral medications

127
Q

What are disadvantages of IV meds?

A

Sterilization and aseptic technique are essential
High cost
Invasive technique is required
Can injure nerves, tissues, or vessels

128
Q

What are advantages of Buccal meds?

A

Rapid onset of action
Bypasses first-pass effects
Can be self-administered by the client

129
Q

What are disadvantages of Buccal meds?

A

Can cause irritation to open sores in the mouth
Exact site location can be difficult
Decrease in the effect of the medication if it is swallowed
Client may experience nausea and vomiting if the medication has an undesirable taste

130
Q

What are advantages of inhalation meds?

A

Rapid action
Smaller dose required
Medication dosage can be regulated

131
Q

What are disadvantages of inhalation meds?

A

Local irritation can precipitate respiratory secretions or bronchospasms

132
Q

What are advantages of IM meds?

A

Faster absorption as compared to the oral route
Soluble and suspension substances can be administered

133
Q

What are disadvantages of IM meds?

A

Must be administered using aseptic technique
Painful
Can cause nerve damage

134
Q

What are advantages of subcutaneous meds?

A

Can be self-administered by the client

135
Q

What are disadvantages of subcutaneous meds?

A

Maximum volume delivery is 1.5 mL
Slow absorption

136
Q

What are advantages of transdermal meds?

A

Effects can last for several days

137
Q

What are disadvantages of transdermal meds?

A

Medication dosing varies due to client factors

138
Q

What should a nurse do if the pill is not scored, but they need to split a pill?

A

consult with the pharmacist

139
Q

Why are capsules made of gelatin coating quicker acting?

A

the medication enters the circulation faster.

140
Q

What are some types of Enteral feeding tubs?

A

gastrostomy tube ,
jejunostomy tube
NG tube
ND tube (duodenum)

141
Q

What type s of medications should not be crushed?

A

Enteric-coated, capsules, sustained-release, and immediate-release medications

142
Q

How much water should you flush tubin with when giving EFT meds?

A

30-60 mL prior and after admin and 15-30 mL in between meds

143
Q

Where are transdermal patches usually placed?

A

applied to the upper torso, chest, upper arms, or back, or behind the ears

144
Q

What kind of medications are used with transdermal patches?

A

opioids, antidepressants, contraceptives, nicotine, and antinausea medications.

145
Q

Where should transdermal patches not be placed?

A

nonintact or irritated skin

146
Q

What type of medications come in eye drop form?

A

beta-blockers and alpha agonists

147
Q

Where are eye drops placed?

A

instilled into the lower margin of the eyelid

148
Q

What are Punctal occlusions, also known as nasolacrimal occlusions method used for?

A

a method used to prevent the medication from entering into the nasolacrimal duct and into the systemic circulation

149
Q

How to do a punctal occlusion

A

places an index finger at the inner corner of the client’s eye, maintaining gentle pressure there for 30 to 60 seconds

150
Q

What temp should an otic medication be?

A

room temp

151
Q

What happens if a cold otic solution is placed into the ear?

A

dizziness and pain

152
Q

What kind of technique should administering ophthalmic medication be used?

A

aseptic technique

153
Q

How should you position a patient foe ear drops?

A

side lying recumbent

154
Q

What kind of nasal medications are there?

A

nicotine (smoking cessation), calcitonin (osteoporosis), sumatriptan (migraines), and corticosteroids (allergies).

155
Q

How should the nose be prepped for nasal meds?

A

free of mucus

156
Q

What happens if nasal spray is used too frequently?

A

the blood vessels in the nose narrow, causing the inside of the nose to shrink
Permanent swelling of the tissue can develop with continued use of the nasal spray.

157
Q

What are some medications that can be given vaginally?

A

infections meds, administer estrogen during menopause, as hormonal support

158
Q

What kind of patiens will need rectal rout meds?

A

obstructed bowel,
trouble swallowing
decreased movement in intestinal tract, unconscious

159
Q

How should the rectum be prepped before administering meds?

A

emptied of stool because if not, it can interfere with med’s eeffectiveness

160
Q

How long should the patient wait until passing stool?

A

need to refrain from passing stool for a minimum of 20 minutes once the suppository has been given to provide enough time for the medication to enter the systemic circulation and have an effect

161
Q

What patients should use a space?

A

clients who are unable to coordinate this activity due to physical, cognitive, or developmental concerns,

162
Q

What are the sizes of insulin syringes?

A

sizes of insulin syringes range from 0.25 mL to 1.0 mL.

163
Q

What gauge is a TB syringe usually?

A

26 to 27 gauge

164
Q

What is the volume for a TB syringe?

A

maximum amount of 1 mL

165
Q

Why is a TB needle shorter than an IM needle?

A

because it only needs to deposit just under the surface of the skin

166
Q

What is an appropriate needle length for subcutaneous injections?

A

3/8 to 5/8 inches.

167
Q

What is an appropriate needle length for intramuscular injection?

A

1-1.5

168
Q

What is an appropriate needle length for intramuscular injection?

A

0.25-0.75

169
Q

What gauge needle do intradermal and subcutaneous injections need?

A

27-25

170
Q

What gauge needle for an intramuscular injection?

A

25-18

171
Q

What are some ways to prevent needle stick injuries?

A

determine the client’s ability to cooperate
Check for the location of the sharps disposal container.
Maintain visualization of the needle during the procedure.
Engage the safety feature of the needle immediately after procedure.
Immediately place the syringe and needle into sharps disposal container. Never overfill the container
If it is necessary to recap a needle, use a one-handed scoop method

172
Q

What are some things to understand when giving parenteral injections?

A

How to locate the anatomic site of injection
Angle and depth of the needle insertion
Any medication-specific interventions that should be implemented
The use of relaxation or distraction techniques to help relax the muscle for intramuscular injections and decrease the client’s anxiety

173
Q

maximum amount of medication that should be injected into the dermis should be

A

0.1 mL

174
Q

What type of parenteral medication is deposited into the adipose tissue?

A

subcutaneous

175
Q

what is lipohytertrophy?

A

small lumps beneath the skin due to irritated fatty tissue.

176
Q

What are some considerations for subcutaneous route?

A

condition of the skin: Moles, abrasions, bruises, scars, and inflammation.
Presence of lipohypertrophy
The amount of adipose tissue:

177
Q

What muscle should not be used for infants when giving IM meds, and why?

A

deltoid because the muscle is not large enough

178
Q

What is the injection max mount of medication/dose for subcutaneous injection?

A

no more than 1.5 mL

179
Q

Intramuscular ventrogluteal injection amount

A

3 mL

180
Q

Intramuscular deltoid injection amount

A

2 mL

181
Q

Intramuscular vastus lateralis injection amount

A

1 to 3 mL

182
Q

What is piggybacked medication?

A

diluted meds in a large volume of IV flued (50-200 mL)

183
Q

What are some conditions in which an IV push is needed?

A

rapidly treat a life-threatening condition, to quickly achieve a therapeutic level of a medication, and to avoid fluid overload in clients who have cardiac or renal disease.

184
Q

What are advantages to CVAD’s

A

they are centrally located and can have quick effects

185
Q

What kind of central venous access devices are there?

A

Peripherally, inserted, central catheter
Central venous catheter

186
Q

What type of patients need CVADs?

A

Those who require frequent and or long term IV therapy

187
Q

Where does the tip of a catheter of a peripherally, inserted, central catheter lie?

A

Lies in the superior vena cava at the entrance to the right atrium

188
Q

What is it called when there is information of the vein local redness, pain, heat, and swelling

A

Phlebitis

189
Q

What is it called when a medication is it inadvertently administered to the surrounding tissue via IV and there is pain swelling, redness, cool skin temperature around the insertion site

A

Infiltration

190
Q

What are some signs of infiltration?

A

Pain, swelling, and redness
Cool skin temperature around the insertion site
Taught skin around the IV site
Using of IV fluid at the insertion site
Repeated alarming of the IV infusion or medication syringe pump Q

191
Q

What patients use a PICC and white patients use a CVC

A

People using a PICC line are usually medicated for weeks

192
Q

Call Ken nurses assess for infiltration of medication

A

Check for a venous blood return from the venous access device before administering medication

193
Q

What are some practices that nurses should take when dealing with IV and central catheter devices

A

Maintain clear, sterile, dressing, oversight of insertion
They’re only clean IV tubing and allow antiseptic to dry
Hand hygiene
Prevent blood from dwelling in the venous access device for tubing
Change, piggyback meds, and IV infusion sets, perfect Silletti policy and procedure

194
Q

What position should infants be placed when administering medication’s via dropper?

A

Semi reclining position to prevent aspiration

195
Q

Why shouldn’t medication is being mixed into infant formula or expressed breastmilk?

A

Infant may not finish the entire bottle and not receive the full dose of medication

196
Q

How much medication should a nurse give an infant for an iamb injection into the vastus lateralis

A

.5 to 1 mL with the smallest gauge 25 to 30.

197
Q

How old should the deltoid muscle be used for intramuscular injections

A

18 months of age, but still at 0.5 to 1 mL.

198
Q

At what age can the infant or toddler handle an increase to 2 mL of an intramuscular injection into the vastus lateralis?

A

18 months

199
Q

Why must pediatric patients be given an IV push as opposed to a piggyback infusion?

A

They are prone to fluid overload, if given a piggyback infusion

200
Q

Can giving intramuscular injections be given to an LVN or practical nurse?

A

Yes

201
Q

At what level do you hang a piggyback medication?

A

Usually higher than the primary infusion, so that the piggyback medication can, if used by gravity win the primary line is paused

202
Q

How long should patience remain sideways after an otic medication

A

At least 5 to 10 minutes 

203
Q

ophthalmic medication administration allergic reactions

A

itching, swelling, redness, clear drainage, and burning pain

204
Q

What should the nurse do if there is redness or swelling in the IV site

A

Apply a warm compress, monitor vitals and notify the provider

205
Q

What are some unexpected outcomes for administering an MDI

A

Decreased oxygen saturation level
Dyspnea
No improvement

206
Q

What should you instruct the patient when administering rectal medication’s?

A

Breathe slowly to allow the sphincters to relax

207
Q

How far should a rectal suppository go in adult and pediatric clients?

A

4 inches for adults, and 2 inches for pediatrics

208
Q

What are some signs of central line associated bloodstream infections at insertion site?

A

Fever
Chills
Change in mental status

209
Q

What are some signs of a pneumothorax or hemothorax when dealing with central venous access devices

A

Chest pain
Dyspnea
Diminished lung sounds

210
Q

What are signs of thrombosis for central venous access device is

A

Pain
Fever
Malai
Chest discomfort
Dyspnea

211
Q

What happens if two medication’s metabolize the same pathway?

A

It can alter the metabolism of one or both of them 

212
Q

For how long should patients who have had nasal medication not blow their nose?

A

Five minutes

213
Q

How should you treat a dpi versus an MDI?

A

Do not shake the dpi

214
Q

What is considered a controlled substance?

A

Medication’s that have a potential for miss use independence and have a schedule classification

215
Q

What are the components of a medication prescription?

A

Client’s full name
Date and time of prescription
Name of the medication, generic or brand name
The strength and dose of the medication
Root of administration
Time and frequency of administration
Quantity to dispense and number of refills
The signature of the prescribing provider

216
Q

What are some considerations to take when administering an IV in older adults or people taking anticoagulants or people who are fragile veins?

A

Avoid tourniquets and use a BP cuff
Do you want slapped extremity to visualize veins?
Avoid rigorous friction while cleansing the site 

217
Q

What are some types of veins to avoid when inserting an IV

A

Varicose veins that are permanently deleted
Veins in the back of the hands
Things that are sclerosed or hard
Vans in an extremity with impaired sensitivity such a scar tissue
Veins that have previous venipunctures

218
Q

What angle should an IV go into the skin at?

A

10 to 30° angle

219
Q

How can you confirm that the IV has gone into the right location?

A

A flashback of blood will confirm placement

220
Q

How far up should you apply pressure above the insertion site?

A

3 cm to reduce the backflow of blood into the van prior to removing the needle

221
Q

What are some signs of IV fluid overload?

A

Tachycardia
Shortness of breath or dyspnea
Hypertension

222
Q

What type of insulin has a cloudy solution?

A

regular or short acting

223
Q

What type of insulin has a clear solution?

A

intermediate or NPH

224
Q

What route should the nurse be careful when administering to a patient with cachexia?

A

subcutaneous

225
Q

Generic medication names often refer to what?

A

the chemical makeup of the drug

226
Q

St. John’s wort can help what?

A

fight mild depression

227
Q

There are many herbal supplements that have concerns in patients with hormone dysfunction or those who use what or what?

A

hormonal contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy

228
Q

What is cumulative effect?

A

aka drug sensitivity, it is when the body can’t metabolize and extrete the single dose of the medication before another dose is administered.

229
Q

What causes cululative effect of drugs?

A

too frequent doses
too long of continued admin
ex. chemo

230
Q

What is the effect of drug-drug interactions when the combined effect of two drugs in similar doses have the effect of two drugs combined

A

additive

ex. opiates and alcohol

231
Q

What is the effect of drug-drug interactions when the combined effect of two drugs in similar doses have more than the effect of two drugs combined

A

synergystic effect

232
Q

What is the effect of drug-drug interactions when the combined effect of two drugs in similar doses decreases or blocks the effectiveness of one drug?

A

antagonistic effect
ex. asthma bronchodilator and heart med to vasoconstrict

Fundamentals (15 decks)

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