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Fundamentals > Infection Control and Isolation > Flashcards

Infection Control and Isolation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Chain of Infection?

A

How bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions move from place to place. These are contact, droplet, and airborne.

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2
Q

What are some examples of a reservoir?

A

table, bed, chair, sheets, water, bird, humans

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3
Q

What are the components of the chain of infection?

A

infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
infectious agent

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4
Q

How would you break the chain of infection at the reservoir level?

A

hand hygiene and proper cleansing of environment

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5
Q

How would you break the chain of infection at the portal of exit?

A

careful containment of body fluids, cover mouth, use proper drainage and dressings

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6
Q

How would you break the chain of infection at the susceptible host level?

A

immunizations
proper nutrition
dietary supplements
proper hygiene
control of blood sugar

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7
Q

What are the factors that increase host susceptibility?

A

age
underlying disease HIV/AIDS
malignancy
transplants
medications
surgical procedures
radiation therapy
indwelling devices

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8
Q

What are the two types of contact transmission?

A

direct and indirect

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9
Q

What is a direct contact transmission?

A

micro-organisms move directly from one person to another from blood or brushing on the patient

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10
Q

What are examples of direct contact transmission?

A

blood from open wound
scabies

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11
Q

What type of transmission is S. Aureus?

A

indirect contact transmission

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12
Q

What type of precautions would you take for RSV?

A

contact precautions

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13
Q

What kind of PPE for Contact precautions?

A

private room
positive airflow
HEPA for incoming air
mask for client when out of room

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14
Q

What are some ways droplet transmissions can occur

A

talking, sneezing, singing, CPR

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15
Q

What kind of Droplet transmission organism?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B
pertussis
mumps
meningococcal mycoplasma
streptococcal pharyngitis
semsis

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16
Q

What are some safety precautions for droplet?

A

private room
masks for providers and visitors, and client when out of room

17
Q

What are some types of airborne microorganisms

A

measles, varicella, TB

18
Q

What kind of PPE for Airborne precautions?

A

private room
N95 for caregivers and vistors if possible
negative pressure airflow
clients wear surgical mask outside of room/home
full face if spraying is a possibility

19
Q

What is the inflamatory response?

A
  1. Recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern receptors (located on the surface of cells)
  2. Activation of the inflammatory pathway
  3. Release of inflammatory markers
  4. Recruitment of inflammatory cells
20
Q

What are the five stages of infection?

A

incubation
prodromal
acute illness
period of decline
period of convalescence

21
Q

What is another word for clean technique?

A

medical asepsis

22
Q

How far away should you be from walls when creating a sterile field?

A

12-18 inches

23
Q

What is the high level disinfection?

A

only some spores remain after pasteurization or chemical cleaning

24
Q

What are some examples of equipment used after high level disinfection?

A

endoscopy and respiratory therapy equipment

25
Q

What is the low-level disinfection used for?

A

bedrails, pulse ox, bedside tables, computer equipment. anything without blod

26
Q

What would make someone don standard precautions?

A

all body fluids except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes

27
Q

What is a tier two transmission precaution?

A

tier two

28
Q

What pathogens require gown and glove at a minimum?

A

RSV
VRE
norovirus
RSV

29
Q

How far should patients with the same infection cohort be from each other?

A

at least three feet

30
Q

What kind of patients need a positive airflow room?

A

those whare are immunocompromized or have an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

31
Q

What are some examples of HAI’s

A

Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)
Surgical-site infections (SSIs)
Ventilator-assisted pneumonias (VAPs)

32
Q

What are infection Control Bundles?

A

guidelines for practice that are bundled together in an effort to prevent HAIs

33
Q

What are examples of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs)

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA)
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing organisms
Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP)

34
Q

When is an enhanced barrier precaution used?

A

staff must wear gowns and gloves when bating, showering, providing hygiene, dressing, changing linens or briefs, assisting with toileting, wound care, transferring, devices etc.

35
Q

What PPE do you need for contact precautions?

A

gloves and gown

Fundamentals (15 decks)

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