Infection Control and Isolation

Question 1

What is the Chain of Infection?

Answer 1

How bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions move from place to place. These are contact, droplet, and airborne.

Question 2

What are some examples of a reservoir?

Answer 2

table, bed, chair, sheets, water, bird, humans

Question 3

What are the components of the chain of infection?

Answer 3

infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
infectious agent

Question 4

How would you break the chain of infection at the reservoir level?

Answer 4

hand hygiene and proper cleansing of environment

Question 5

How would you break the chain of infection at the portal of exit?

Answer 5

careful containment of body fluids, cover mouth, use proper drainage and dressings

Question 6

How would you break the chain of infection at the susceptible host level?

Answer 6

immunizations
proper nutrition
dietary supplements
proper hygiene
control of blood sugar

Question 7

What are the factors that increase host susceptibility?

Answer 7

age
underlying disease HIV/AIDS
malignancy
transplants
medications
surgical procedures
radiation therapy
indwelling devices

Question 8

What are the two types of contact transmission?

Answer 8

direct and indirect

Question 9

What is a direct contact transmission?

Answer 9

micro-organisms move directly from one person to another from blood or brushing on the patient

Question 10

What are examples of direct contact transmission?

Answer 10

blood from open wound
scabies

Question 11

What type of transmission is S. Aureus?

Answer 11

indirect contact transmission

Question 12

What type of precautions would you take for RSV?

Answer 12

contact precautions

Question 13

What kind of PPE for Contact precautions?

Answer 13

private room
positive airflow
HEPA for incoming air
mask for client when out of room

Question 14

What are some ways droplet transmissions can occur

Answer 14

talking, sneezing, singing, CPR

Question 15

What kind of Droplet transmission organism?

Answer 15

Haemophilus influenzae type B
pertussis
mumps
meningococcal mycoplasma
streptococcal pharyngitis
semsis

Question 16

What are some safety precautions for droplet?

Answer 16

private room
masks for providers and visitors, and client when out of room

Question 17

What are some types of airborne microorganisms

Answer 17

measles, varicella, TB

Question 18

What kind of PPE for Airborne precautions?

Answer 18

private room
N95 for caregivers and vistors if possible
negative pressure airflow
clients wear surgical mask outside of room/home
full face if spraying is a possibility

Question 19

What is the inflamatory response?

Answer 19

1. Recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern receptors (located on the surface of cells)
2. Activation of the inflammatory pathway
3. Release of inflammatory markers
4. Recruitment of inflammatory cells

Question 20

What are the five stages of infection?

Answer 20

incubation
prodromal
acute illness
period of decline
period of convalescence

Question 21

What is another word for clean technique?

Answer 21

medical asepsis

Question 22

How far away should you be from walls when creating a sterile field?

Answer 22

12-18 inches

Question 23

What is the high level disinfection?

Answer 23

only some spores remain after pasteurization or chemical cleaning

Question 24

What are some examples of equipment used after high level disinfection?

Answer 24

endoscopy and respiratory therapy equipment

Question 25

What is the low-level disinfection used for?

Answer 25

bedrails, pulse ox, bedside tables, computer equipment. anything without blod

Question 26

What would make someone don standard precautions?

Answer 26

all body fluids except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes

Question 27

What is a tier two transmission precaution?

Answer 27

tier two

Question 28

What pathogens require gown and glove at a minimum?

Answer 28

RSV VRE norovirus RSV

Question 29

How far should patients with the same infection cohort be from each other?

Answer 29

at least three feet

Question 30

What kind of patients need a positive airflow room?

Answer 30

those whare are immunocompromized or have an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Question 31

What are some examples of HAI’s

Answer 31

Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) Surgical-site infections (SSIs) Ventilator-assisted pneumonias (VAPs)

Question 32

What are infection Control Bundles?

Answer 32

guidelines for practice that are bundled together in an effort to prevent HAIs

Question 33

What are examples of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs)

Answer 33

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing organisms Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP)

Question 34

When is an enhanced barrier precaution used?

Answer 34

staff must wear gowns and gloves when bating, showering, providing hygiene, dressing, changing linens or briefs, assisting with toileting, wound care, transferring, devices etc.

Question 35

What PPE do you need for contact precautions?

Answer 35

gloves and gown