Mechanical Injuries Flashcards
Forensic ballistics definition
It is a science dealing with investigation🔎 of firearms and the problems arising from their use
Proximal or internal ballistics
Suty of firearms and their “Projectiles “
Intermediate or exterior ballistics
Study of motion of projectile after it leaves the 🔫gun barrel,
- till it hits the target🎯
Terminal ballistics
Study of behavior of missiles once they reach or penetrate the 🎯
Wound ballistics : study of effects of missiles on living tissue
A/c to condition of Barrel firearms are divided into :
1) Rifled weapons
- single shot target practice pistols
- rifles
- revolver
- automatic pistols
- machine guns
2) smooth bored weapons / short guns
- cylinder bore, -choke bore
-paradox, -breech loader,
-muzzle loader, -country made
A/c to barrel condition:
# Rifled weapons types 3
1) air & gas operated rifles
2) 0.22 rifles
3) military & sporting rifles
A/c to firing action 4 types
1) over bolt action
2) under bolt action
3) lever action
4) pump action
A/c to barrel length 2 types
1) side arm or hand arm
Guns with “ short barrel “
Ex: revolvers, pistols
2) shoulder arms
Guns with long barrel
Ex : rifles
Rifles firearms are divided by velocity as
1) low velocity upto 360m/s
2) medium vel - 360 to 760m/s
3) high vel - 760 to 1260
4) very high vel - >1260
Grooves of rifles are called ________
They vary in 4 ie,
Turning , angle of groove is called?
Grooves are called RIFLING,
vary in number,direction,depth,width
Turning of groove is TWIST
Angle of turning is PITCH
Spirals in bore of Rifles gives 4
1) gives spin to bullet
2) greater power of penetration
3) gives straight course
4) prevent it from unsteady movement
Caliber or guage
It is measured by internal dimension of the barrel
-given in decimal scale by inch Or mm
Helixometer
Instrument to examine the interior of barrel
Choking in short gun helps to
1) ⬇️ rate of spread of shot after it leaves the muzzle
2) ⬆️explosive force
3) ⬆️velocity
Paradox guns
Short guns having small portion of bore near the muzzle end rifled
Musket features
Ex : 0.410 musket
- military shoulder arm
- it has long forestock,
- usually takes a “Bayonet” (pointed knife like weapon🔪) at muzzle
- it is a smooth bore weapon
Ex: 0.410 musket fires single shot with high velocity upto 90 m
Bullets or projectiles or missiles
Made of
Bullets used in revolver, pistol &rifles
Made of soft metals ie lead with varying amounts of antimony added to provide hardness
- revolver, pistol - short bullet point usually round
- rifles elongated bullet with pointed end
Variations of bullets are of 2 types
1) square nosed, soft metal bullet or WAD CUTTER, used for target shooting
2) hollow point variety has depression in the nose of soft metal
- bullet is designed to expand or mushroom upon impact
- produce serous wound s
Full metal jacket bullets
Tough heavy jacket covers all except base where soft metal exposed
- tough made of steel Cu Ni Zn
Semi -jacketed bullets
Relatively thin but tough jacket which covers base &cylindrical portion of bullet leaving nose exposed
Dum dum bullet
It is a type of bullet which fragments extensively upon striking
They are not in use
Frangible bullet s
Completely disintegrate
- they are made of Iron which fragments on impact
Explosive or incendiary bullet
Contains phosphorus it catches fire on hitting to target
They are banned
If they are present in body ultrasound microwave diagnostic technique are avoided becoz bullet can detonate
Tracer bullet
Leaves a visible mark or trace while in flight
Gunner can observe strike of shock
