General Consideration

Question 1

Gastric lavage can be done with water and some other contents what are they? 6

Answer 1

1) 1:5000 KMnO4
2) 5% Na2CO3
3) 4% formic acid
4) 1% Na/K iodide
5) 1-3 %Ca lactate
6) 0.9% saline / saturated lime water

Question 2

Universal antidote

Answer 2

Activated charcoal or
# Burnt toast : Mg oxide = 2:1 parts tannic acid or strong tea ☕ 1part not recommend

Question 3

Contradictions of using gastric lavage

Answer 3

1) corrosive poisons except carbolic, oxalic acid due to perforation
2) convulsant poison - lavage done after convulsions controlled
3) comatose patients - fluid may enter air passages they should be sealed
4) volatile poisons- inhaled
5) upper alimentary diseases

Question 4

Ideal homicidal poison

Answer 4

Cheap easily available, colourless, odourless, tasteless, ss remble natural disease, no antidote, no pm changes, must destroy body
Ex: arsenic aconite are commonly used
Organic fluorine, thallium used

Question 5

Physiological or pharmacological antidotes

Answer 5

Act on tissue of body produce symptoms exact opposite to those caused by poisons, used after absorption of poison into circulation
Acts on principle - antagonism, produce opposite effect on HR, pupils, glands
Most of antidotes - partial in action
Ex : atropine -
Physostigmine -
Chelating agents -BAL, EDTA,

Question 6

Chelating agents - metal complexing agents

Answer 6

Used in treatment of poisoning by heavy metals, they have greater affinity for metals than endogenous enzymes
They form harmless compounds with aare excreted through urine
Ex : BAL, EDTA, penicillamine, DMSA

Question 7

BAL-British Anti Lewisite/dimercaprol
Severe poisoning - 3to4mg/kg used

Answer 7

Used in Ars, Hg, Pb, Cu, Au poisoning
Heavy metals have greater affinity for sulphydryl grp, BAL has 2 unsaturated -SH grp combined with metals prevent union of Ars with respiratory enzymes
Compound formed is stable, carried into plasma excreted in urine