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Small animal medicine II > MCT, Skin and Bone Tumors > Flashcards

MCT, Skin and Bone Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Mast cell tumors originate?

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

Where do MCT mature?

A

Tissues

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3
Q

What do the Mast cell granules contain?

A

Histamine, heparin, tissue degrading proteases

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4
Q

What are the classic signs of inflammation?

A

Swelling, heat, redness, pain

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5
Q

What enzyme is mutated that leads to Mast Cell Tumor formation?

A

C-kit (tyrosine kinase)

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6
Q

T/F: MCT is the most common skin tumors in dogs

A

True

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7
Q

What are some breeds that are predisposed to MCT?

A

Boxer, Vizsla, Boston Terrier, Shar-Pei, Dutch Pug

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8
Q

Where are some common areas on the body to find MCT?

A

Trunk/perineal region, limbs, head/neck

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9
Q

What signs are associated with histamine?

A

GI - vomiting, anorexia
Hives, pruritis
Wheezing
Hypotension

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10
Q

What would you see in cytology for MCT?

A

Round, discrete cell tumors

Large round cells with purple granules

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11
Q

What are some ways to stage a MCT?

A

Aspiration of lymph nodes*

U/D of abdomen, bone marrow aspirate

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12
Q

T/F: Thoracic rads and buffy coats are diagnostic staging tools for cutaneous MCT

A

False. MCT does not spread to the lungs and the buffy boat has false positives

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13
Q

T/F: Even palpably normal lymph nodes can have metastasis

A

True

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14
Q

What are the metastatic potentials in relation to the grades of the MCT?

A

Low grade - <10%
Middle grade - <15%
High grade - 90%

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15
Q

What are the factors observed when histologically grading MCT?

A

Location, architecture, morphography, edema/necrosis

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16
Q

What should you premedicate a patient with MCT with before surgical excision of the tumor?

A

diphenhydramine

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17
Q

T/F: Wide surgical excisions are required for MCT surgery

A

True

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18
Q

How large are the excisions for MCT surgery?

A

2-3 cm margins, 1 fascial plane deep

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19
Q

T/F: Inking of the tumor is always recommended

A

True

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20
Q

When would you perform radiation therapy on a patient with MCT?

A

Post-op, if the margins were not possible to completely remove

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21
Q

Is it possible to just give RT alone as treatment?

A

Yes, but it’s not as good as surgery

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22
Q

When would you perform chemotherapy on patients with MCT?

A

As a palliative treatment for non-resectable tumors and as an adjuvant for aggressive MCT

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23
Q

What are some chemo drugs that work against MCT?

A

Prednisone, CCNU, vinblastine, chlorambucil, toceranib, masitinib

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24
Q

What chemo drug directly works against tyrosine kinase, and thus c-kit?

A

Palladia (toceranib)

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25
Q

What chemo drug would be used after local control of MCT?

A

Vinblastine, CCNU, Chlorambucil, Prednisone

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26
Q

How can you treat histamine-induced gastic ulceration from MCT?

A

Diphenhydramine, famotidine, ranitidine, omeprazole, sucralfate

27
Q

T/F: Advanced/metastatic MCT means a much lower prognosis

A

True

28
Q

How should you treat a completely excised grade 1/2 MCT? Incomplete?

A

Complete - Monitor

Incomplete - re-excise or RT

29
Q

How should you treat a completely excised grade 3 MCT? incomplete?

A

Complete - chemotherapy

Incomplete - radiation/chemotherapy

30
Q

T/F: Feline MCT is associated with FeLV and FIV

A

False

31
Q

Which form of feline MCT is most commonly seen?

A

Mastocytic form

32
Q

Which form of feline MCT is seen in siamese cats?

A

Histiocytic form

33
Q

T/F: Compact Mastocytic MCTs are usually more malignant

A

False. Diffuse is more metastatic

34
Q

T/F: Histiocytic MCTs are benign

A

True

35
Q

Where do you normally find mastocytic, compact MCT?

A

Head and neck

36
Q

T/F: Multiple compact MCT on a feline is a sign of poorer prognosis

A

False. Not correlated with degree of malignancy or metastasis

37
Q

How should you treat diffuse miliary cutaneous MCTs?

A

Chemotherapy, symptomatic (histamine)

38
Q

T/F: Cats have splenic MCTs more commonly than dogs

A

True

39
Q

How do you determine the prognosis of splenic MCTs?

A

Lymph node metastasis

40
Q

How would you splenic MCTs?

A

Surgery and chemotherapy

41
Q

T/F: Intestinal MCTs metastasize frequently.

A

True

42
Q

How should you treat intestinal MCTs?

A

Remove the tumor with surgery

43
Q

Where do soft tissue sarcomas arise from?

A

Embryonic mesoderm - connective tissue

44
Q

What might be some possible causes of STS?

A

Breed predisposition, vaccine/microchip injection sites

45
Q

How do you diagnose STS?

A

FNA/cytology

46
Q

What are the most common sites of metastasis for STS?

A

lungs, liver, lymph nodes

47
Q

How would you test for staging of STS?

A

Diagnostic imaging

48
Q

How should you treat a vaccine associated sarcoma?

A

2 cm marginal resection

49
Q

What is the most common primary bone tumor in dogs?

A

Osteosarcoma

50
Q

What type of animal usually gets osteosarcoma?

A

Older and larger

51
Q

What is the rule with tumor location on the limbs?

A

Towards the knee away from the elbow

52
Q

What are some fractures that may lead to osteosarcoma?

A

metallic implants, chronic osteomyelitis, exposure to ionizing radiation

53
Q

T/F: Osteosarcomas commonly cross the joints and invade the neighboring bone

A

False

54
Q

T/F: Metastasis is very common with osteosarcoma

A

True

55
Q

How does osteosarcoma metastasize?

A

Through the blood/bone marrow

56
Q

Where does OSA usually metastasize to?

A

Lungs

57
Q

What are some major signs of OSA?

A

Lame, PAIN, swelling

58
Q

How can you diagnose OSA?

A

FNA/cytology for most cases

59
Q

Is ALP staining for OSA useful?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is the best choice of treatment for localized OSA?

A

Surgery

61
Q

When is it possible to spare the limb with surgery?

A

If the primary tumor is <50% of the bone and <360` around the tissues

62
Q

T/F: Dogs typically die from the pain with OSA

A

False. Systemic disease associated with OSA

63
Q

What are some chemotherapy options to treat OSA?

A

Carboplatin, doxorubicin, combination chemo, low dose continuous chemo

Small animal medicine II (8 decks)

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