Hematology Flashcards
What is created in primary hemostasis?
Platelet plug
What molecules are released from collagen that causes the platelets to adhere to the endothelium?
vWF and GP1a
What defects can occur with primary hemostasis?
Decreased platelets, poorly functioning platelets, lack of vWF
What defects can occur with secondary hemostasis?
Lack of one or more coag factors
What CxS do you see with a primary hemostasis defect?
Petechia ad ecchymosis, oozing from mucosal sites
What CxS do you see with a secondary hemostasis defect?
Bleeding into a body cavity, large SQ hematoma
What is the platelet count for a 1* hemostasis defect?
Normal >140,000 p/uL
What test assesses the intrinsic pathway of 2* hemostasis?
aPTT
What test assesses the common pathway of 2* hemostasis?
fibrinogen
What are some possible causes of thrombocytopenia?
Bone marrow disease, hemorrhage, sequestration, consumption, destruction
Which cause leads to the most severe thrombocytopenia?
Destruction/immune mediated
What is the typically platelet count of an animal with immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
<15,000/uL
What does a positive 4DX test indicate?
Exposure to the antigen
What are some rickettsial diseases that may cause IMTP?
Ehrlichia canid/platys, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rocky mountain spotted fever
How do you treat IMTP?
Doxycycline (For rickettsia), prednisone, cage rest
T/F: It is not safe to venipuncture the jugular on animals with IMTP
True
What is the mechanism of mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)?
Inhibits the synthesis of guanosine nucleotides for rapid onset of enzyme suppression
T/F: DIC is always secondary to something else
True
What are the 4 vitamin K dependent coag factors?
10, 9, 7, 3
What coag factor has the shortest half life?
VII
What are the CxS of IMHA?
lethargy, weakness, tachypnea, tachycardia, anorexia, fever
What tests can be performed to provide information towards IMHA?
PCV/TP, examine the blood in the EDTA tube, blood smear, coombs test
What three tests are used to identify IMHA?
Autoagluttination, spherocytes, positive coombs test
What are the therapeutic goals when treating IMHA?
Specific, supportive, symptomatic
What are some underlying causes that may lead to IMHA?
infection, neoplasia, drug reaction, venom
How do you eliminate potential risk factors for IMHA?
Cure infection, avoid immunogenic drugs, withhold vxns
What cells does prednisone target?
B cells, T cells, macrophages
What cells does azathioprine target?
T cells
What cells does mycophenolate target?
B and T cells
How long might it take for a patient’s PCV to be normal again?
4 weeks
What are some poor prognostic indicators for IMHA?
Total bilirubin > 10
autoagglutination
intravascular hemolysis
How often do you want to check the hematocrit until the PCV rises?
every 12-24 hours
What should you do with the drug administration once the HCT has stabilized?
Taper them by 25% every 2-4 weeks
T/F: There is no gender influence on IMHA with dogs
False. females have it more commonly. Cats have no gender influence
T/F: It is common to see an inflammatory neutrophilia with cats with IMHA
False. Common with dogs
T/F: it is common to see lymphocytosis in cats with IMHA
True
