MB. Alimentary Tract Flashcards
Name the 4 Portals of Entry of pathogenic agents.
Ingestion (most common)
Coughed up by the lungs and swallowed
Systemic hematogenous route
Migration through the body (parasites)
Name the defense mechanisms (9)
Saliva Resident flora and fauna Gastric pH Secreted immunoglobulins Vomiting Intestinal proteolytic enzymes Phagocytes and other effector cells within the mucosa/ submucosa High rate of epithelial turnover Increased peristalsis resulting in diarrhea
Name 2 Congenital anomalies found in commonly in calves.
Cleft palate (palatoschisis) and cleft lip (“harelip”- cheiloschisis). Both can be present at the same time.
What causes Cleft palate (palatoschisis) and cleft lip (“harelip”- cheiloschisis)?
Often a genetic disorder but toxins (e.g. ingestion of Veratrum californicum and other teratogenic plants like lupines, poison hemlock in cattle & sheep) or maternal exposure to drugs during pregnancy (griseofulvin in queens and mares; steroids in primates).
What is dental attrition?
Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
What is Periodontal disease?
Resident bacterial films and the acid and enzymes they produce lead to enamel, gingival and periodontal ligament damage.
Dental plaque
Dental calculus (tartar -> mineralized dental plaque)
What is the main disease of the tongue?
Actinobacillosis (Actinobacillus lignieresii) -> chronic stomatitis – the tongue is often involved
What is Thrush (Candidiasis)?
What causes it?
It is caused by Candidaspp.(eg.C.albicans), and often is observed in young animals treated with antibiotics for long periods of time, or animals with underlying debilitating diseases.
What is a vesicle?
a raised lesion (up to 1 cm in the largest dimension) filled with clear (serous) fluid located within the epithelium or between the epithelium and lamina propria.
What can you rule out if you see a vesicle in the oral cavity of dogs & cats?
immune-mediated diseases
What is the pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides?
slide 28
What is the pathogenesis of foot and mouth disease (FMD)?
Virus ingestion/ inhalation
-> pharynx -> viremia -> Oral mucosa & epidermal sites -> lesions develop in areas subjected to mechanical injury
Gingival hyperplasia is found in __________ dogs, and is a type of ___-_______ proliferation lesions of the Oral cavity.
Brachycephalic
Non-neopastic
Primary diseases of the tongue are rare, but there is one exception name it.
Actinobacillosis
In what type (age,health…) can you find to thrush (Candidiasis)?
Is often observed in young animals treated with antibiotics for long periods of time, or animals with underlying debilitating diseases
What the clinical signs of a cat with chronic gingivo-stomatitis?
Oral pain, dysphagia, weight loss
Chronic ulcerative (lympho-plasmacytic) paradental stomatitis common in?
Older dogs
If you see a vesicle on the world cavity of a dog or cat what are the two things you should think of? (One is cats specific)
– rule out immune mediated diseases
– In cats they’re often result of the click virus infection
If a vesicle is found in food/large animals what should be ruled out?
Rule out major viral diseases which are usually nonfatal but resulting huge economic losses.
What animals will you see foot and mouth disease? what virus causes this disease?
Ruminants and pigs. You will not see it in horses.
Picornavirus
What animals will you see this secular stomatitis? Give the virus.
Ruminants, pig, and horses.Rhabdovirus
What animals will you see this secular Exanthema of swine? Give the virus responsible.
Only pigs. Calicivirus
What animals will you see swine the secular disease in? Give the virus responsible.
Only pigs. Enterovirus
What is congenital megaesophagus?
Is dilation of the esophagus it can be either congenital or secondary
