E1. Gallbladder and pancreas

Question 1

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

What is the purpose of the bile ducts?

Whatis the purpose of the common bile duct? D

Answer 1

Gallbladder: store, concentrates and releases bile.

Bile ducts: Carry bile from different lobules of the liver.

Common bile duct: carry bile to intestine.

Question 2

What is bile made of?

Answer 2

Water, cholesterol, bile acids, Billirubin, inorganic ions, and a variety of other constituents.

Question 3

What does bile do?

Answer 3

Necessary for digestion of dietary fat. Excretory route for various metabolites and drugs. Buffers to neutralize acid pH from the stomach.

Question 4

Look at slides 3 – 4.

Answer 4

Bullshit

Question 5

What are the lesions of the biliary system? (8)

Answer 5

• Gallbladder distension
• Gall bladder stones (choleliths)
• Biliary obstruction
• Rupture of the biliary tract or the gall bladder 
• Gall bladder edema
• Gall bladder mucosal hyperplasia
• Inflammation:
– Cholangitis
– Cholecystitis 
• Neoplasia (rare)

Question 6

Gallbladder distention is the common result of what?

What can also cause this?
Slide 6pictures

Answer 6

Common result of fasting.

Lantana camera toxicosis.

Question 7

Look at slide 7.

Answer 7

couldn’t figure out how to ask questions

Question 8

What is the cause of biliary obstruction?

What is the result of biliary obstruction?

Answer 8

Causes: cholangitis, parasites or fibrosis, cholelithiasis (gall stones)

Result: post hepatic jaundice, hepatic atrophy and biliary fibrosis

Question 9

Look at slide number 9

Answer 9

Not questionable

Question 10

What is the common causes of gallbladder edema?

Answer 10

Right heart failure and infectious canine hepatitis (ICH)

slide 10 picture

Question 11

What is another name for inflammation of the gallbladder?A

Answer 11

Cholecystitis

Question 12

Can Cholecystitis be acute or chronic?

What causes the fibrinous Cholecystitis?

What causes hemorrhagic Cholecystitis?

Answer 12

Yes it can be both.

Seen in calves with acute salmonellosis and yersiniosis

Question 13

Where (animals and organs) will you see gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia?
What is this associated with?

Answer 13

Old dogs and less in pigs and Cats. affects the walls of the gallbladder and the bile ducts.

May be associated with mucocele.

Look at slide 12

Question 14

Look at slide 13 (pictures) and 14-15, slides 17-18 (pancreas function)

Answer 14

A

Question 15

How is the exocrine pancreas like/unlike the liver?

Answer 15

It’s like the liver that has a large functional reserve.

It’s unlike the liver in regenerative capacity. Its regenerative capacity is very limited compared to the liver.

Question 16

What are the are the clinical signs associated with pancreatic disease? (3)

With acute pancreatitis was the main clinical signs?

Answer 16

– Steatorrhea
– Diarrhea
– Weight loss despite polyphagia.

Abdominal pain
look at slide 20 picture

Question 17

What are the two developmental abnormalities incidental findings?

Answer 17

– Anomalous tail
– Ectopic pancreas
Slide 21

Question 18

Look at slide 22 unable to think of questions.

Answer 18

Also picture

Question 19

In what animal does pancreatic hypoplasia occur?

What is pancreatic hypoplasia?

What is the name for this if it’s found in a dog?A

Answer 19

– Calves

-Defect of the acinar tissue; the islet cell tissue may be quantitatively and qualitatively normal.

– Pancreatic atrophy

Question 20

What breed is most likely to have juvenile pancreatic atrophy?

Look at slide 24 more info.

Answer 20

German shepherds

Question 21

Look at slide 26 – 27.

Answer 21

…….……………..

Question 22

When will you see multifocal pancreatic degeneration and necrosis?

What type of intoxication’s might also be responsible?S

Answer 22

It is seen in systemic infections, particularly due to epithelialotrophic viruses.

Intoxication: mycotoxins, zinc toxicity.

Question 23

What are some synonyms for acute pancreatitis?

Answer 23

Acute pancreatic necrosis, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Question 24

Acute pancreatitis is an important disease for who/what?

Answer 24

Dogs, cats, and human beings.

Slide 30 is a picture

Question 25

Look at slide 31-34 is the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.

Answer 25

.......................

Question 26

What does acute pancreatitis look like?

Answer 26

• Chalky-white areas of fat necrosis (saponification of necrotic adipose tissue). • The peritoneal cavity contains blood stained fluid with fat droplets. slide 35 has a picture

Question 27

Look at slide 36 is that histological appearance

Answer 27

I don't think that will be too important

Question 28

What is the cause of chronic pancreatitis and dogs?

Answer 28

Usually due to repeated mild episodes of acute pancreatitis

Question 29

What arethe characterizations of pancreatitis?

Answer 29

Fibrosis, parenchymal atrophy and chronic inflammation.

Question 30

What regions of the world of fungal infections (phycomycosis) caused marked scirrhous reaction, often indistinguishable from pancreatic carcinoma.

Answer 30

Warm humid regions

Question 31

Slide 38 – 39 are pictures.

Answer 31

……

Question 32

What is chronic pancreatitis secondary to the horses?

Answer 32

-- Parasitic migration (Strongylus equinus) – Ascending bacterial infection – Chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis slide 40 has a picture

Question 33

Read slide 41. I couldn't think of a way to make a question

Answer 33

.

Question 34

What are pancreatic calculi made of?

Answer 34

Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Question 35

Where would you incidentally find pancreatic lithiasis? (animal)

Answer 35

Cattle over 4 yrs of age *is rare in other species

Question 36

In what animals is nodular hyperplasia a common incidental finding?

Answer 36

Old dogs, cats and cattle.

Question 37

What does pancreatic hyperplasia involve?

Answer 37

Exocrine tissue only, occurs in many foci, and may involve lobules or only portions of them.

Question 38

What is it hard to differentiate pancreatic nodular hyperplasia from?

Answer 38

Exocrine pancreatic adenoma

Question 39

look at: Slide 44 is a picture Slide 45 is a gross and histiologic description of pancreatic hyperplasia and a picture.

Answer 39

.

Question 40

What are the two forms of pancreatic neoplasia? (basic)

Answer 40

Benign (Adenoma) malignant: – primary (pancreatic adenocarcinoma) – secondary (metastasis)

Question 41

How often do you see pancreatic adenomas?

Answer 41

It's extremely rare, and occasionally seen in old cats. | Look at slide 47 for more info.

Question 42

``` Which of these is a malignant cancer of the pancreas? A. Lymphosarcoma B. Pancreatic adenoma C. Melanoma D. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma E. two of the above ```

Answer 42

D. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 43

Where are pancreatic adenocarcinomas mainly seen?

Answer 43

Dogs and cats.

Question 44

What is the pancreatic adenocarcinomas gross appearance?

Answer 44

May be more or less spherical and circumscribed, or it may have some resemblance to masses of scar tissue.

Question 45

Look at slides 49 to 50.

Answer 45

Couldn't think of any questions, and 50 is a picture. T