E1. cardiovascular

Question 1

What dogs are predisposed for Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 1

Inherited in Keeshonds, also common in English bulldogs

Question 2

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 2

Overriding aorta (dextroposition of the aorta), pulmonic stenosis,

Question 3

What is another name for endocardial fibrosis?

Answer 3

Jet lesion

Question 4

What can cause a jet lesion?

Answer 4

Chronic trauma from ventricular septal defects, Valvular endocardiosis.

Question 5

What can cause megaesophagus? (Think of a congenital issue)

Answer 5

Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA)

Question 6

What does persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) result in? (2)

Answer 6

Dysphagia and megaesophagus

Question 7

What animal/breed(s) are you most common to find PRAA?

Answer 7

Dogs: German shepherds, Irish setters and great gains are predisposed.

Question 8

What is another name for pericardial effusion?
What animal is this found in?
What is the cause, and what else is associated with this cause?

Answer 8

Mulberry heart disease.

Found in the pig.

Cause: vitamin D/selenium deficiency. This is also associated with hepatitis dietetica.

Question 9

What is responsible for fibrinous pericarditis “black leg”? (Bacteria)

Answer 9

Clostridium choffeni.

Question 10

What is the cause of hardware disease in a cow?

Answer 10

Foreign bodies (metal)

Question 11

What can chronic (constructive) pericarditis lead to in cows?

Answer 11

Chronic cardiac tamponade

Question 12

What can lead to endocardial mineralization?

Answer 12

Excessive intake of vitamin D or calcinogenic plants (Cestrum, Trisetum, Solanum spp.). Or debilitated cattle with Johne’s disease.

Question 13

What animal do you find valvular endocardiosis in?

Answer 13

Dogs, more specifically Cavalier King Charles Spaniel’s.D

Question 14

Which of the following is not true about valvular endocardiosis?
A. It is a top of ddx for congestive heart failure.
B. Is an age-related disease found in middle age to old dogs (most common in males).
C. You may see this in a dog at four years of age, but it will definitely show by 10 years if they’re going to get it.
D. Is characterized by a degeneration of valvular collagen, and affects the left valve (mitral).
E. All of the above is true.

Answer 14

E. All of the above is true.

Question 15

What is often the cause of endocarditis (valvular and mural)?

Answer 15

Bacterial infections

Question 16

What is the etiology for valvular endocarditis in a pig?

Answer 16

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 17

What is ulcerative(Uremic) mural endocarditis associated with in the dog?

Answer 17

Renal failure

Question 18

What may myocardial necrosis and mineralization be results of?

Answer 18

Nutritional deficiencies, chemical and plant toxicities, ischemia, metabolic disorders, inherited diseases and physical trauma.

Question 19

In what animals are you more likely to see myocardial necrosis and mineralization due to of vitamin E or selenium deficiency?

Answer 19

Cattle, sheep, pigs.

Question 20

What is a big toxicity in pigs that causes myocardial necrosis and mineralization?

Answer 20

Gossypol toxicity.

Question 21

What breeds of dogs are more susceptible to dilated cardiomyopathy? (4)

Answer 21

Doberman pinscher’s, Portuguese water dogs, Dalmatians, and St. Bernard’s.

Question 22

What chambers in the heart are dilated with dilated cardiomyopathy?What does it look like?

Answer 22

All chambers

it looks like a pair of balls (scrotem)