maternal physiology

Question 1

hemangiomas

Answer 1

develop during pregnancy due to estrogen effects

Question 2

in pregnancy, Labia minora are _______and hypertrophied

Answer 2

pigmented

Question 3

During pregnancy, vaginal walls become (3)

Answer 3

hypertrophied, edematous and more vascular.

Question 4

in pregnancy does the length of the anterior vaginal wall increases or decreases

Answer 4

increases

Question 5

secretion in pregnancy becomes

Answer 5

Secretion becomes copious, thin and curdy white

Question 6

uterine artery diameter in pregnancy

Answer 6

doubles

Question 7

uterine blood flow increases by

Answer 7

eight fold at 20 weeks

Question 8

vasodialtion of arteries in pregnancy is due to

Answer 8

estradiol and progesterone

Question 9

overall in pregnancy, veins become (2)

Answer 9

dilated and valves less competent

Question 10

colostrum leakage occurs at

Answer 10

12 weeks

Question 11

Montgomery’s tubercles

Answer 11

sebaceous gland in breast that become hypetrophied

Question 12

breasts in pregnancy

Answer 12

increase in size with marked hypertrophy and proliferation of the ducts

Question 13

a brownish black pigmented area in the midline stretching from the xiphisternum to the symphysis pubis

Answer 13

Linea nigra

Question 14

slightly depressed linear marks with varying length and breadth found in pregnancy

Answer 14

Strie graviderum (stretch marks)

Question 15

In pregnancy, Hyperdynamic circulation and high levels of estrogen may cause ______ and _________

Answer 15

cause spider nevi and palmar erythema (liver issues)

Question 16

Skin changes in pregnancy

Answer 16

increased sweating and sebum production

Question 17

Blood volume increases in pregnancy?

Answer 17

yep, starts to increase from about 6th week and expends rapidly therafter to max. 40-50% above the non-pregnant level at 30-32 weeks

Question 18

plasma volume in pregnancy

Answer 18

also increases by 6 weeks

Question 19

Disproportionate increase in plasma and RBC volume results in

Answer 19

hemodilution

Question 20

in pregnancy we see elevated fibirnogen thus we see a state of

Answer 20

hypercoagulable

Question 21

increased/decreased hepatic synthesis of proteins

Answer 21

increases,with a reduced total plasma proteins (albumin) from dilution

Question 22

Energy requirement does/ does not increase significantly during the first trimester

Answer 22

does not

Question 23

Active energy expenditure tends to __ over pregnancy

Answer 23

fall

Question 24

Positive/negative nitrogen balance throughout pregnancy

Answer 24

positive

Question 25

balance impaired in pregnancy?

Answer 25

yep, there is a shift in center of gravity resulting in waddling gait

Question 26

chest mechanical changes in pregnancy

Answer 26

displacement of diaphragm leading to some changes in heart position (upwards and to left) and the heart size increases

Question 27

Pregnancy is a state of respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 27

alkalosis because of hyperventilation leading to increased tidal volume

Question 28

Increased circulating _____________ encourages water and sodium retention in pregnancy

Answer 28

angiotensin II

**predisposes to edema

Question 29

murmurs and EKG changes is normal in pregnancy

Answer 29

yep

Question 30

blood flow to kidneys, skin and mucosa decreases/ increases

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

continuous sound 2nd to 4th ICS

Answer 31

Mammary souffle

Question 32

______ murmurs should be considered potentially pathological.

Answer 32

Diastolic

Question 33

blood pressure in pregnancy

Answer 33

falls

Question 34

increase in GFR might cause what to glucose and proteins?

Answer 34

some protein and glucose will be found in the urine

Question 35

why is there an increase risk of UTI in pregnancy

Answer 35

bladder smooth muscle relaxes( due to progesterone)

Question 36

Serum creatinine of 1.0 mg/dl, although normal in a nonpregnant individual, reflects renal impairment in a pregnant woman.

Answer 36

yep

Question 37

Up to____ percent of women - some degree of asymptomatic dilatation of the renal calyces, the renal pelves and the upper two-thirds of the ureters

Answer 37

90

Question 38

why is there reflux in pregnancy

Answer 38

due to progesterone relaxation of the LES

Question 39

Pyogenic granuloma during pregnancy

Highly vascular variant of capillary hemangioma

Answer 39

EPULIS GRAVIDARUM

Question 40

ptyalism

Answer 40

excess saliva seen in pregnancy

Question 41

Geophagia

Answer 41

(soil eater)

Question 42

Amylophagia

Answer 42

(starch eater)

Question 43

edema in pregnancy is caused by

Answer 43

expansion of the interstitial fluid volume due to hydrostatic pressure and colloid oncotic pressure