maternal physiology Flashcards
hemangiomas
develop during pregnancy due to estrogen effects
in pregnancy, Labia minora are _______and hypertrophied
pigmented
During pregnancy, vaginal walls become (3)
hypertrophied, edematous and more vascular.
in pregnancy does the length of the anterior vaginal wall increases or decreases
increases
secretion in pregnancy becomes
Secretion becomes copious, thin and curdy white
uterine artery diameter in pregnancy
doubles
uterine blood flow increases by
eight fold at 20 weeks
vasodialtion of arteries in pregnancy is due to
estradiol and progesterone
overall in pregnancy, veins become (2)
dilated and valves less competent
colostrum leakage occurs at
12 weeks
Montgomery’s tubercles
sebaceous gland in breast that become hypetrophied
breasts in pregnancy
increase in size with marked hypertrophy and proliferation of the ducts
a brownish black pigmented area in the midline stretching from the xiphisternum to the symphysis pubis
Linea nigra
slightly depressed linear marks with varying length and breadth found in pregnancy
Strie graviderum (stretch marks)
In pregnancy, Hyperdynamic circulation and high levels of estrogen may cause ______ and _________
cause spider nevi and palmar erythema (liver issues)
Skin changes in pregnancy
increased sweating and sebum production
Blood volume increases in pregnancy?
yep, starts to increase from about 6th week and expends rapidly therafter to max. 40-50% above the non-pregnant level at 30-32 weeks
plasma volume in pregnancy
also increases by 6 weeks
Disproportionate increase in plasma and RBC volume results in
hemodilution
in pregnancy we see elevated fibirnogen thus we see a state of
hypercoagulable
increased/decreased hepatic synthesis of proteins
increases,with a reduced total plasma proteins (albumin) from dilution
Energy requirement does/ does not increase significantly during the first trimester
does not
Active energy expenditure tends to __ over pregnancy
fall
Positive/negative nitrogen balance throughout pregnancy
positive
balance impaired in pregnancy?
yep, there is a shift in center of gravity resulting in waddling gait
chest mechanical changes in pregnancy
displacement of diaphragm leading to some changes in heart position (upwards and to left) and the heart size increases
Pregnancy is a state of respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
alkalosis because of hyperventilation leading to increased tidal volume
Increased circulating _____________ encourages water and sodium retention in pregnancy
angiotensin II
**predisposes to edema
murmurs and EKG changes is normal in pregnancy
yep
blood flow to kidneys, skin and mucosa decreases/ increases
increases
continuous sound 2nd to 4th ICS
Mammary souffle
______ murmurs should be considered potentially pathological.
Diastolic
blood pressure in pregnancy
falls
increase in GFR might cause what to glucose and proteins?
some protein and glucose will be found in the urine
why is there an increase risk of UTI in pregnancy
bladder smooth muscle relaxes( due to progesterone)
Serum creatinine of 1.0 mg/dl, although normal in a nonpregnant individual, reflects renal impairment in a pregnant woman.
yep
Up to____ percent of women - some degree of asymptomatic dilatation of the renal calyces, the renal pelves and the upper two-thirds of the ureters
90
why is there reflux in pregnancy
due to progesterone relaxation of the LES
Pyogenic granuloma during pregnancy
Highly vascular variant of capillary hemangioma
EPULIS GRAVIDARUM
ptyalism
excess saliva seen in pregnancy
Geophagia
(soil eater)
Amylophagia
(starch eater)
edema in pregnancy is caused by
expansion of the interstitial fluid volume due to hydrostatic pressure and colloid oncotic pressure
