final review Flashcards
TMPRSS2-ERG gene is associated with
prostatic adenocarcinoma
isochromosome 12- i(12p) is associated with
testicular carcinoma- classic seminoma
BPH is located _____ in the prostate
centrally
Carcinoma is located ____ in the prostate
peripherally
genetic/cytogenetic abnormality:
p53 mutation
serous CA of endometrium (Type 2 endometrial carcinoma)
genetic/cytogenetic abnormality:
69XXY
partial mole
genetic/cytogenetic abnormality:
46XX (all paternal chromosomes)
complete mole
Isochromosome 12p or extra 12p is highly specific for germ cell tumors; extra copies of 12p associated with tumor progression and treatment failure, particularly in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
yep
genetic/cytogenetic abnormality:
PTEN
hyperplasia- type 2 endometrial cancer
carcinoma associated with DES exposure in utero
clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
cancer associated with the vagina; small round blue cell tumor and it is desmin positive
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
most frequent cause of death in untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
renal failure due to ureteric obstruction, hydroureter and hydronephrosis
most common invasive malignancy of the female reproductive tract is cancer of the
endometrium
Meig syndrome is the association of ascites and hydrothorax with an ovarian tumor, usually:
fibroma
krukenberg
metastatic
**stomach/colon/breast cancer
sertoli-leydig ovary neoplasm releases
androgen
schiller-Duval- glomeruloid body
Yolk sac
call-exner or coffee bean nucleus
granulosa/estrogen cell tumor
word associations:
HCG
choriocarcinoma
word associations:
AFP
Yolk sac
word associations:
CA 125
serous adenocarcinoma
word associations:
serotonin
carcinoid
word associations:
thryoid hormone
struma ovarii
word associations:
endometriosis
endometrioid and clear cell CA endometriotic cyst
word associations:
fallopian tube STIC
serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma- serous carcinoma of ovary
word associations:
psammoma bodies
serous carcinoma- papillary tumor
word associations:
LDH
dysgerminoma/seminoma
When do we see human placental lactogen
early pregnancy
acetylcholinesterase is associated with
neural tube defect- AFP
magnesium sulfate is a
calcium antagonists and thus it is a uterine relaxants
what acts as ripening agents
prostaglandins
acceleration- deceleration-acceleration is due to compression and decompression of the cord
variable decelerations
variable deceleration are variable in duration, intensity and timing.
severe decelerations have depth below 70 bpm, and a duration longer than 1 minute.
persistent variable decelerations may lead to acidosis and fetal distress
severe variable decelerations
fetal heart rate lags behind contractions, with little or no vriability in line.
Persistent late decelerations associated with decreased variability is an ominous pattern
late deceleration with variability loss
baseline fetal heart rate is 120-160, preserved beat to beat and long term variability
accelerations last for 15 or more seconds above baseline, and peak to 15 or more bpm
reassuring pattern
what is the risk of breast carcinoma from a fibroadenoma
no risk- completely benign
BRACA has what percentage of getting breast carcinoma
60-85% lifetime risk
These are all:
Adenosis
Apocrine metaplasia
Duct ectasia
Ductal hyperplasia of usual type, mild
benign, non-proliferative disease that have no increased risk of developing breast carcinoma
these are all:
Ductal hyperplasia of usual type, moderate or florid
Intraductal papilloma
Sclerosing adenosis
benign proliferative disease without atypia have a slight increase risk of developing breast carcinoma
breast carcinoma risk from atypical ductal hyperplasia
moderate risk
breast carcinoma risk from DCIS and LCIS
high risk
Foci of chronic inflammatory cells in the stroma and normal appearing glands
prostatitis
Glands lined by a single layer of epithelium and packed back to back
prostatic adenocarcinoma
Hyperplastic nodules of stroma and glands lined by two layers of epithelium
BPH
Nests of cells with glycogen rich cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli with lost of lymphocytes
classic seminoma
menorrhagia and pelvic pain with no nodularity but symmetrically enlarged uterus
adenomyosis
Under the influence of high levels of unopposed estrogen, the endometrium undergoes hyperplasia.
Glands»_space;» stroma
endometrial hyperplasia
leiomyomas are estrogen and progesterone sensitive?
yep, may regress if estrogen decreases or increase in size in pregnancy
deformity that leads to torsion of testes
bell clapper
Clomiphene citrate is a
selective estrogen receptor modulator and is used for ovulation induction.
Letrozole is an
aromatase inhibitor and also used for OI.
pituitary infarction due to postpartum hemorrhage
sheehan syndrome
string of pearls sign
PCOs
endometrial hyperplasia without atypia
progesterone only medication
cervical cancer is treated by
radical hysterectomy
Boobs-pubs-spurts-squirts
female puberty timing
atony
uterus does not contract after labor
matrix metalloproteinase
it is a collagen bond disruption which allows to ripen the cervix
hyaluronic acid
increases in hydration of ground substance
which is the main hormone for cervical ripening
prostaglandins
transverse lie needs to be delivered by
Cesarean C-section
station AP view
baby location based on ischial line
+2 +3- very low stations
progesterone does what?
relaxes smooth muscle
blood pressure in pregnancy?
is decreased due to progesterone mediated decreases in peripheral vascular resistance
cystocele
prolapse of the bladder
enterocele
prolapse of the small bowel
rectocele
prolapse of the rectum (hernia)
uterine prolapse
prolapse of the uterus
vaginal vault prolapse
prolapse of the vagina- after a hysterectomy
fetal insuffiiciency/ fetal hypoxia fetal monitor patterns
late decelerations with variability loss
