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reproductive > cervix > Flashcards

cervix Flashcards

1
Q

what is necessary to cause cervical cancer and dysplasia

A

HPV

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2
Q

high risk types of HPV in cervical cancer

A

16 and 18

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3
Q

HPV is transmitted

A

skin to skin contact

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4
Q

Vast majority of HPV infections are transient

A

YEP

Asymptomatic
Resolve spontaneously
60-70% clear within 1 yr
70-90% clear within 2 yrs
Maintain immunity from re-infection with the same HPV type
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5
Q

HPV infection and progression to invasive cancer

A

there is persistenc infection but at each step, more regress than progress

Takes 10-25 years from initial infection to develop invasive cancer

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6
Q

no screening for cervical caner

A

< 21 yr

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7
Q

abnormal pap test… do this

A

colposcopy

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8
Q

Magnification and illumination to aid inspection of the cervix, vagina, and anogenital area
Solutions can be applied to help highlight areas of concern
To help the clinician identify and biopsy areas of greatest concern

A

colposcopy “diagnostic test”

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9
Q

treatment of CIN 2/3

A

loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and ablation but with the ablation there might some miss of the tissue

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10
Q
  • Bleeding or brown discharge, often post-coital
  • Also post-menopausal or intermenstrual bleeding
  • Back pain, weight loss are late manifestations
  • History of inadequate screening
  • Diagnosis established by biopsy
A

invasive cervical cancer

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11
Q

once invasive cervical cancer spreads it does not regress

A

yep, it spreads by direct extension/growth

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12
Q

invasive cervical cancer spread looks like

A

it is usually exophytic, a cauliflower-like population

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13
Q

invasive cervical cancer treatment

A
  1. early stage:
    a. radical hysterectomy
    b. chemo
  2. advanced- chemo
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14
Q

invasive cervical cancer prognosis

A

is caught early there is a high survival rate but if it is late then there is low

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15
Q

HPV prevention

A

vaccination that contains no E6 or E7 oncogene and it is also protective to HPV 6 and 11

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16
Q

Carcinoma of the cervix usually begins at the junction of the
(A) ectocervix and endocervix
(B) endocervix and endometrium
(C) deep and superficial endocervical glands
(D) vagina and cervix

A

A) ectocervix and endocervix

17
Q

The zone between the original SCJ and new SCJ =

A

TRANSFORMATION ZONE

18
Q

is a remnant of columnar epithelium forming a cyst under the new squamous epithelium- insignificant

A

Nabothian cyst

19
Q

transformation zone

A

are where cervical dysplasia occurs and where sampling should include squamous and columnar epithelium to ensure that the transformation zone is represented

20
Q

CIN 1

A

low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion -

mild dysplasia

21
Q

CIN 2

A

low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion -

moderate dysplasia

22
Q

CIN 3

A

high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion -

severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

23
Q 
1. Statement of adequacy: 
		Satisfactory or unsatisfactory 
			cellularity of the specimen
			endocervical cells 
General Statement:
  1. Malignant cells are or are not identified
  2. Descriptive statement
A

the bethesda system

24
Q

HPV cytopathic effect

A
  • Nuclear enlargement
  • Nuclear hyperchromatism
  • Nuclear membrane wrinkling
  • Multinucleation
  • Peri-nuclear cytoplasmic vacuolation (“halo”)
25
Q

HPV E4 disrupts

A

keratin matrix

26
Q

What is the difference between carcinoma in situ (HSIL) and invasive carcinoma?

A

Carcinoma in situ is confined to the epithelium, while invasive carcinoma infiltrates the underlying stroma.

27
Q

Only 1-5% of LSIL progress to invasive cancer.

6-72% of HSIL progress to invasive cancer.

A

yep

28
Q

invasion of the squamous cell carcinom

A

microinvasive no more 3mm in depth and 7mm horizontal

29
Q

lymph nodes involvement of microinvasive carcinoma

A

3-5 mm have 13.2% risk of LN+

30
Q

___________ accounts for 5-15% of cervical carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

31
Q

vulvula neoplasia: condyloma acuminatum

A

HPV 6 and 11

32
Q

koilocytes seen in

A

HPV

33
Q

There are two main groups of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of vulva:

A

a. HPV is associated with 30% of vulvar carcinomas (the mean age is 55 years).
b. In an older group (mean 77 years), there is no HPV association. These women may, however, have immunosuppression, and other vulvar dermatoses.

34
Q

Neoplasia of the vagina is rare

A

yep

35
Q

Associated with DES (diethylstilboestrol) exposure of the patient’s mother during pregnancy
Tumors in young (avg. 19 year old) patients

Similar tumors occur in elderly patients, unassociated with DES.

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma- vaginal neoplasia

36
Q

Occurs in children, typically <5 years old

  • Small round blue cell tumor with rhabdomyoblasts
A

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: sarcoma botryoides

reproductive (27 decks)

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