Maternal Physio

Question 1

Increase in cardiac output during pregnancy is attributed to

Answer 1

Decreased SVR

Question 2

Cardiac output increases during

Answer 2

5 weeks AOG

Question 3

Plasma volume expansion begins at

Answer 3

10-20 weeks

Question 4

Heart is displaced ____ and _____ and rotated on its long axis

Answer 4

Left and upward

Question 5

What causes the larger cardiac silhouette on CXR in pregnant women?

Answer 5

Apex moved laterally

Question 6

Murmur heard in 90% of patients that is intensified during inspiration

Answer 6

Systolic murmur

Question 7

Arterial pressure usually decreases to a nadir at how many weeks

Answer 7

24-26 weeks

Question 8

Principal prostaglandin of endothelium that is increased during late pregnancy

Answer 8

Prostacyclin

Question 9

Potent vasoconstrictor that stimulates secretion of ANP, aldosterone and catecholamines

Answer 9

Endothelin

Question 10

Normal blood loss during vaginal delivery

Answer 10

500ml

Question 11

Maternal blood expands during what trimester

Answer 11

2nd

Question 12

Remission of autoimmune disorders is due to

Answer 12

Suppressed TH1 response

Question 13

Hypervolemia averages 40-45% above nonpregnant blood volume during

Answer 13

32-34 weeks

Question 14

Failure of TH1 suppresion may be related to the development of

Answer 14

Preeclampsia

Question 15

Increased levels of these coagulation factors occur in pregnancy

Answer 15

4 F
Fibrinogen 
Factor 7
Factor 10
Flasminogen

Question 16

WBC and platelet counts are____ during pregnancy

Answer 16

Increased WBC

Decreased platelets

Question 17

Diaphragm rises about how many cms in pregnancy?

Answer 17

4cm

Question 18

Subcostal angle widens how much during the 2nd half of pregnancy?

Answer 18

2cm

Question 19

There is an increase of ___cm in thoracic circumference

Answer 19

6cm

Question 20

Physiologic dyspnea results from increase in _______ which lowers blood PCO2

Answer 20

Tidal volume

Question 21

This hormone lowers the threshold and increases sensitivity to CO2

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

Softening of the isthmus is called

Answer 22

Hegar sign

Question 23

Uterine enlargement is most marked in the

Answer 23

Fundus

Question 24

Main portion of the uterine wall with figure of 8 configuration

Answer 24

Middle layer

Question 25

Softening and cyanosis of the cervix due to increased vascularity

Answer 25

Goodell sign

Question 26

Produces progesterone during the first 6-7 weeks

Answer 26

Corpus luteum

Question 27

Protein hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, decidua and placenta that remodels reproductive tract

Answer 27

Relaxin

Question 28

Increased vascularity of the vagina that results to violet discoloration

Answer 28

Chadwick

Question 29

Glands that become prominent in the breasts

Answer 29

Glands of montgomery

Question 30

Postprandial hyperglycemia may be due to this hormone

Answer 30

Placental lactogen Estrogen Progesterone

Question 31

Average weight gain during pregnancy

Answer 31

12.5kg

Question 32

Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant patients: what happens to blood sugar levels?

Answer 32

Mild fasting hypoglycemia Postprandial hyperglycemia Hyperinsulinemia

Question 33

TAG, LDL, HDL and VLDL are all increased during what trimester

Answer 33

3rd

Question 34

Leptin deficiency is associated with

Answer 34

Anovulation | Infertility

Question 35

Abnormally elevated leptin results to

Answer 35

Preeclampsia | GDM

Question 36

Right ureter is dilated more than the left because

Answer 36

Dextrorotated uterus

Question 37

Bladder trigone is elevated during

Answer 37

12 weeks

Question 38

Appendix is displaced in what direction during pregnancy

Answer 38

Upward and laterally

Question 39

Focal, highly vascular swelling of the gums but regress spontaneously after delivery

Answer 39

Epulis of pregnancy

Question 40

What happens to the liver size during pregnancy

Answer 40

Remains the same

Question 41

This hormone impairs gallbladder contraction which results to increased stasis and cholesterol saturation

Answer 41

Progesterone

Question 42

This hormone inhibits intraductal transport of bile acids

Answer 42

Estrogen

Question 43

Principal source of GH secretion starting

Answer 43

17 weeks AOG

Question 44

Major determinant of maternal insulin resistance after midpregnancy

Answer 44

Placental GH

Question 45

This hormone prevents water transfer from fetus into maternal compartment to prevent fetal dehydration

Answer 45

Prolactin in amniotic fluid

Question 46

TSH and HCG has identical

Answer 46

Alpha subunits

Question 47

The only hormone in the adrenal gland that is decreased during pregnancy

Answer 47

DHEA | dhecreased