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Year 3 Oral Biology > Mastication and occlusion: anatomical factors > Flashcards

Mastication and occlusion: anatomical factors Flashcards

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1
Q

5 functions of mastication

A
  • enables food bolus to be swallowed easily
  • enhances digestibility of food (maybe. increase SA for enzymes & reflex stimulation of digestive juices)
  • mixes food with saliva and salivary amylase
  • prevents irritation of GI tract by large food masses
  • ensures healthy growth and development of oral tissues
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2
Q

muscles of mastication table

6 components of craniomandibular articulation for mastication

A
  • bones (1 mandible, 2 temporals)
  • synovial joint (fibrocartilaginous) + capsules + disc (ginglymo-arthroidal = sliding hinge joint)
  • muscles of mastication
  • ligaments
  • innervation
  • teeth
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3
Q

where does TMJ sit in skull

A

glenoid fossa

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4
Q

5 types of movement made by the jaw muscles

A 
elevation
depression
retraction
protrusion
lateral excursion
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5
Q

the muscles for which movement are v weak?

A

depressors

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6
Q

which muscles run through infratemporal fossa

A

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

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7
Q

what limits range of movement of muscles 3

A

COL

  • contour of bony surfaces
  • occlusal surfaces of teeth
  • ligaments
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8
Q

name/explain 4 ligaments (label on diagram)

A
  • temporomandibular (thickening of lateral side of capsule)
  • pterygomandibular(raphe. where buccinator muscle meets mm going to pharynx)
  • sphenomandibular (sphenoid bone - lingula
  • stylomandibular (thickening of investing layer of deep cervical fascia)
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9
Q

where/ how is tmj innervated

A

disc itself and fibrous tissue lack blood/ nerve supply

–> posterior capsule and periphery innervated by auriculo-temporal nerve and branch to masseter

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10
Q

5 elements of inflammation

A 
rubor (red)
calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
tumor (swelling)
loss of function
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11
Q

explain why tmj problems often seem like ear problems

A

auriculo-temporal nerve supplies skin of temple, EAM, tympanic membrane

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12
Q

4 parts of ideal occlusion

A
  • teeth aligned so masticatory loads are within physiological range and act through long axes of as many teeth as possible
  • lateral jaw movements occur without undue mechanical interference
  • in rest position the freeway space is comfortable functional for the individual concerned
  • tooth alignment is aesthetically pleasing to pt
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13
Q

what is the relationship of the cusps in ideal occlusion

A

functional cusps overlap:
Palatal upper cusps in to lower fossae
Buccal lower cusps in to upper fossae

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14
Q

explain BULL rule

A

when adjusting dentures, only adjust non-functional cusps:
buccal cusp of uppers
lingual cusp of lowers

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15
Q

explain curve of spee

A

from SIDE:

curve that allows there to still be occlusion during protrusion of mandible

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16
Q

explain curve of wilson/ sphere of monson

A

curve laterally- so teeth stay in occlusion during lateral excursion

17
Q

what is the neutral zone

A

spaces around teeth which teeth can be forced in to by excessive force by muscles eg tongue/ cheeks

18
Q

what are occlusal stops

A

points on teeth which stop excess movement of teeth

19
Q

3 locations of occlusal stops

A

centric
protrusive
lateral excursion

20
Q

what is used to measure freeway space

A

willis gauge

21
Q 
*draw and label TMJ*
attachments of TMJ capsule:
a. superior
b. inferior
c. anterior
d. posterior
A

a. superior: temporal bone
b. inferior: condyle
c. anterior: articular eminence (temporal bone)
d. posterior: squamotympanic fissure

22
Q

where do all parts of the capsule attach to?

A

glenoid fossa (temporal bone)

23
Q

which parts of tmj capsule attach to the disc

A

medially, laterally and posteriorly (NOT anteriorly- superior part of lat pterygoid muscle attaches here)

24
Q

describe attachment between capsule and surrounding areas

A

villi filled with synovial fluid

25
Q

type of material capsule is and why

A

fibrocartilage membrane

because it is formed in a membrane so is not hyaline cartilage

26
Q

how is the TMJ innervated

A

avascular and no nerve supply. therefore supplied by diffusion through synovial fluid from auriculotemporal nerve

27
Q

what suspends the mandible

A

muscles of mastication, ligaments

Year 3 Oral Biology (13 decks)

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