Developmental Anomalies of Teeth

Question 1

2 stages of enamel development

Answer 1

• secretory phase: ameloblasts produce enamel matrix and begin mineralisation
• maturation phase: withdrawal of water/ protein from enamel with concomitant increase in mineral content

Question 2

define:

• hypoplastic enamel

- hypomineralised enamel

Answer 2

• hypoplastic enamel: ameloblasts don’t produce enough enamel matrix (secretory phase)
• hypomineralised enamel: ameloblasts don’t fully mineralise the matrix (maturation phase)

Question 3

4 local causes of hypoplastic/ hypomineralised enamel

Answer 3

• infection
• trauma (eg turner tooth)
• irradiation
• idiopathic (enamel opacities)

Question 4

generalised environmental causes of hypoplastic/ hypomineralised enamel

Answer 4

• prenatal: rubella/ syphilis
• neonatal: hypocalcaemia/ prolonged labour/ premature birth
• postnatal: measles/ chicken pox/ vit A,C,D deficiency, fluorosis (>2ppm), chemotherapy

Question 5

genetic causes of hypoplastic/ hypomineralised enamel

Answer 5

• teeth only: amelogenesis imperfecta

- generalised disease: ectodermal dysplasia, epidermolysis bullosa, down’s syndrome

Question 6

other word for environmental causes

Answer 6

chronological

Question 7

what causes chronological hyperplasia

Answer 7

measles

Question 8

what disorders do/ don’t increase caries risk

Answer 8

DON’T: amelogenisis/ dentinogenesis imperfecta

DO: dens in dente