Master List Flashcards
1
Q
Adenosine
A
Decrease AV conduction and slow the heart rate; emergency situations; treat acute supraventricular tachycardia
2
Q
Adenosine Mech.
A
Causes transient heart block in the AV node, reduses cAMP and hyperpolarizes the cell
3
Q
Adenosine Admin.
A
Intravenously
4
Q
Adenosine Adverse Effects
A
Chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, tingling, low blood pressure
5
Q
Amiodarone
A
Class 3 antiarrhythmic drug used in ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation
6
Q
Amiodarone Mech.
A
Increases the time before a heart cell can contract again
7
Q
Amiodarone Admin.
A
Oral, intravenous, intraosseous
8
Q
Amiodarone Adverse Effects
A
Tiredness, tremor, nausea, constipation, lung toxicity, vision problems, thyroid problems, death
9
Q
Amyl nitrite
A
To relieve acute attacks of angina
10
Q
Amyl nitrite Mech.
A
Vasodilator
11
Q
Amyl nitrite Admin.
A
Inhalation from a glass ampule
12
Q
Amyl nitrite Adverse Effects
A
Headache, dizziness, flushing of the face, lightheadedness, involuntary urination or defecation, low BP, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, cold sweat, pale skin, rapid heart rate, restlessness
13
Q
Digoxin
A
Cardiac glycoside
14
Q
Digoxin Mech
A
Inhibit Na/K adenosene triphosphate, the “sodium pump”
15
Q
Digoxin Admin.
A
Oral, intravenous
16
Q
Digoxin Adverse Effects
A
Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, “halo effect” around lights, bradycardia, ectopic beats, cardiac arrhythmias
17
Q
Diltiazem
A
Act on the heart and blood vessels to lower bloop pressium; used to treat angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias
18
Q
Diltiazem Mech.
A
Calcium antagonist; block the influx of calcium into the heart and arterial blood vessels
19
Q
Diltiazem Admin.
A
Oral, intravenous
20
Q
Diltiazem Adverse Effects
A
Swelling, dizziness, headaches, low BP, slow heart beat, heart failure, liver problems
21
Q
Isosorbide dinitrate
A
Used prophylactivally to prevent angina pectoris
22
Q
Isosorbide dinitrate Mech.
A
Dilation reduces preload
23
Q
Isosorbide dinitrate Admin.
A
Oral 3-4 times/day
24
Q
Isosorbide dinitrate Adverse Effects
A
Headache, lightheadedness with standing, blurred vision, low BP
25
Lidocaine
Local anesthetis; used to treat ventricular tachycardia and to perform nerve blocks
26
Lidocaine Mech.
Sodium channel blocker
27
Lidocaine Admin.
Intravenous, subcutaneous, topical, oral
28
Lidocaine Adverse Effects
Sleepiness, muscle twitching, confusion, changes in vision, numbness, tingling, vomiting, low blood pressure, irregular heart rate
29
Mexiletine
Antiarrythmic drug; used to treat chronic pain
30
Mexiletine Mech.
Voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
31
Mexiletine Admin.
Oral, intravenous
32
Mexiletine Adverse Effects
Dizziness, heartburn, nausea, nervousness, trembling, unsteadiness
33
Nifedipine
Treatment of Prinzmetal angina, high BP
34
Nifedipine Mech.
Calcium channel blocker
35
Nifedipine Admin.
Oral, topical
36
Nifedipine Adverse Effects
Lightheadedness, headache, tiredness, leg swelling, cough, shortness of breath, low BP, heart failure
37
Nitroglycerin
Used to relieve acute attacks of angina
38
Nitroglycerin Mech.
Dilates veins more than arteries, thereby reducing preload
39
Nitroglycerin Admin.
Sublingual tablets or intravenously (severe); ointment, transdermal patch
40
Nitroglycerin Adverse Effects
Headache, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, flushing
41
Procainamide
Antiarrhythmic drug
42
Procainamide Mech.
Sodium channel blocker of cardiomyocytes
43
Procainamide Admin.
Intravenous, intramuscular, oral
44
Procainamide Adverse Effects
Ventricular dysrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension, shock
45
Propranolol
Class 2 antiarrhythmic drug
46
Propranolol Mech.
Blocks cardiac beta receptors to slow heart rate, AV conduction and prolong refractory period
47
Propranolol Admin.
Oral, rectal, intravenous
48
Propranolol Adverse Effects
Nausea, abdominal pain, constipation
49
Quinidine
Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs; decrease excitability, slow conduction, prolong refractory period
50
Quinidine Mech.
Posess local anesthetic activity and block the influx of Na ions during depolarization; inhibitor of cytochrome P450
51
Quinidine Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular junction
52
Quinidine Adverse Effects
Thrombocytopenia, granulomatous hepatitis, myasthenia gravis
53
Verapamil
Class 4 antiarrhythmic drug
54
Verapamil Mech.
Blocks calcium ions
55
Verapamil Admin.
Oral, intravenous
56
Verapamil Adverse Effects
Cardiac depression
57
Acetazolamide
Treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, heart failure; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
58
Acetazolamide Mech.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; increases sodium and water excretion by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase;
59
Acetazolamide Admin.
Oral
60
Acetazolamide Adverse Effects
Anorexia, drowsiness, GI distress, headache, metabolic acidosis
61
Amiloride
Used to restore potassium in hypokalemic patients; prevents hypokalemia; hypertension; adjunctive therapy with thiazide or loop diuretics in congestive heart
62
Amiloride Mech.
Potassium-sparing diuretic; adjunctive therapy with thiazide or loop diuretics in congestive heart failure
63
Amiloride Admin.
Oral
64
Amiloride Adverse Effects
Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, nausea, vomiting
65
Atorvastatin
Treatment of primary hyperlipidemia and to slow the progression of atherosclerosis
66
Atorvastatin Mech.
HMG-CoA enzyme inhibitor type of hypolipidemic drugs
67
Atorvastatin Admin.
Oral
68
Atorvastatin Adverse Effects
Headache, dizziness, alteration od taste, insomnia, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal cramping and photosensitivity
69
Bumetanide
Treatment of swelling and high blood pressure
70
Bumetanide Mech.
Organic acid/loop diuretic; inhibits sodium and chloride ion exchange in the loop of Henle
71
Bumetanide Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular
72
Bumetanide Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, headache, anorexia, hypotension, dizzy, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, elevated serum creatinine or urine nitrogen, neurotoxicity, deafness
73
Candesartan
Treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure
74
Candesartan Mech.
Angiotensin receptor blocker
75
Candesartan Admin.
Oral
76
Candesartan Adverse Effects
Dizziness, tiredness, lightheadedness, runny nose, sore throat
77
Captopril
Treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure
78
Captopril Mech.
ACE Inhibitor
79
Captopril Admin.
Oral
80
Captopril Adverse Effects
Cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, taste alteration, hypotension, acute renal failure
81
Chlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic; treatment of edema with mild-moderate hypertension
82
Chlorothiazide Mech.
Inhibits sodium transport in the distal portion of the nephron, which causes a substantial loss of Na+ and water
83
Chlorothiazide Admin.
Oral
84
Chlorothiazide Adverse Effects
Dizziness, headache, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypotension, lightheadedness, nausea
85
Chlorthalidone
Thiazide-like diuretic; treatment of edema with mild-moderate hypertension
86
Chlorthalidone Mech.
Inhibits sodium transport in the distal portion of the nephron, which causes a substantial loss of Na+ and water
87
Chlorthalidone Admin.
Oral
88
Chlorthalidone Adverse Effects
Dizziness, headache, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypotension, lightheadedness, nausea
89
Cholestyramine
Bile acid sequestrate
90
Cholestyramine Mech.
Binds bile in the GI tract to prevent its reabsorption
91
Cholestyramine Admin.
Oral
92
Cholestyramine Adverse Effects
Constipation, intestinal obstruction
93
Colestipol
Bile acid sequestrate used to lower blood cholesterol, specifically LDL
94
Colestipol Mech.
Binds bile in the GI tract to prevent its reabsorption
95
Colestipol Admin.
Oral
96
Colestipol Adverse Effects
Constipation, intestinal obstruction
97
Diazoxide
Used in emergencies when a rapid reduction of blood pressure is essential
98
Diazoxide Mech.
Potent vasodilator with no diuretic activity
99
Diazoxide Admin.
Intravenously
100
Diazoxide Adverse Effects
fluid retention, tachycardia, hyperglycemia
101
Dicumarol
Treatment of deep venous thrombosis
102
Dicumarol Mech.
Anticoagulant drug that depletes stores of vitamin K
103
Dicumarol Admin.
Oral
104
Dicumarol Adverse Effects
Bleeding
105
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor that decreases VLDLs
106
Ezetimibe Mech.
Acts at the surface of the small intestine to block absorption of dietary cholesterol
107
Ezetimibe Admin.
Oral
108
Ezetimibe Adverse Effects
Abdominal pain, fatigue, coughing, diarrhea, back pain, arthralgia
109
Furosemide
Management of hypertension and acute pulmonary edema
110
Furosemide Mech.
Organic acid/loop diuretics; promote diuresis by inhibiting sodium and chloride ion transport in the loop of Henle, resulting in loss of sodium, chloride and water
111
Furosemide Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular
112
Furosemide Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, headache, anorexia, hypotension, dizzy, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, elevated serum creatinine or urine nitrogen, neurotoxicity, deafness
113
Heparin
Anticoagulant drug
114
Heparin Mech.
Prevents thrombin formation by binding to circulating clotting factors
115
Heparin Admin.
Intravenously or subcutaneously
116
Heparin Adverse Effects
Hemorrhage
117
Hydralazine
Formation of nitric oxide; used in common with diuretics and beta blockers (triple therapy)
118
Hydralazine Mech.
Produces arterial vasodilation, decreased blood pressure and a reduction in after load
119
Hydralazine Admin.
Oral, intravenous
120
Hydralazine Adverse Effects
Headache, fast heart rate
121
Hydrochlorothiazide
Treatment of edema with mild-moderate hypertension
122
Hydrochlorothiazide Mech.
Thiazide diuretic; inhibits sodium transport in the distal portion of the nephron, which causes a substantial loss of Na+ and water
123
Hydrochlorothiazide Admin.
Oral
124
Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Effects
Dizziness, headache, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypotension, lightheadedness, nausea
125
Lovastatin
Treatment of primary hyperlipidemia and to slow the progression of
126
Lovastatin Mech.
HMG-CoA enzyme inhibitor type of hypolipidemic drugs; acholesterol synthesis in the liver by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase
127
Lovastatin Admin.
Oral
128
Lovastatin Adverse Effects
Headache, dizziness, alteration of taste, insomnia, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal cramping and photosensitivity
129
Mannitol
Acute renal failure or in cardiovascular surgeries in which renal function is severely compromised; reduces localized swelling, edema, and pressure
130
Mannitol Mech.
Osmotic/luminal diuretic
131
Mannitol Admin.
Intravenously
132
Mannitol Adverse Effects
Nausea, dizziness, headache, and chills
133
Minoxidil
Potent arteriolar dilator for patients who don't respond to triple therapy
134
Minoxidil Mech.
Potassium channel opener; not fully understood
135
Minoxidil Admin.
Topical
136
Minoxidil Adverse Effects
Myocardial ischemia, pericardial effusion, hirsutism
137
Sodium nitroprusside
Potent vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies
138
Sodium nitroprusside Mech.
Vasodilating effects in arterioles and venules as a result of its breakdown to nitric oxide
139
Sodium nitroprusside Admin.
Intravenous
140
Sodium nitroprusside Adverse Effects
Low BP, cyanide toxicity, methomoglobinemia
141
Spironolactone
Used to restore potassium in hypokalemic patients; prevents hypokalemia; edema; hypertension
142
Spironolactone Mech.
Potassium-sparing diuretic; adjunctive therapy with thiazide or loop diuretics in congestive heart failure
143
Spironolactone Admin.
Oral
144
Spironolactone Adverse Effects
Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, nausea, vomiting
145
Triamterene
Used to restore potassium in hypokalemic patients; prevents hypokalemia; edema; hypertension
146
Triamterene Mech.
Potassium-sparing diuretic; adjunctive therapy with thiazide or loop diuretics in congestive heart failure
147
Triamterene Admin.
Oral
148
Triamterene Adverse Effects
Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, nausea, vomiting
149
Acetylcysteine
Effective mucolytic that breaks apart the glycoproteins in bronchial secretions
150
Acetylcysteine Mech.
Produces a glutathione precursor L-cysteine
151
Acetylcysteine Admin.
Inhaled by nebulization; followed by postural drainage and tracheal suction; oral
152
Acetylcysteine Adverse Effects
Red and itchy skin, anaphylaxis, vomiting, nausea
153
Albuterol
Used to treat asthma and COPD
154
Albuterol Mech.
Relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways; activated the beta1-adrenergic receptors
155
Albuterol Admin.
Oral, intravenous, inhalation
156
Albuterol Adverse Effects
Shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, anxiousness, bronchospasm, low blood potassium
157
Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine
H1 antihistamine used in the prevention of allergic conditions; commonly used in veterinary practice
158
Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Mech.
Inverse agonist of the histamine H1 receptor
159
Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
160
Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Adverse Effects
Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, constipation, anxiety, nausea, blurred vision, restlessness, dry mouth, shallow breathing, hallucinations, tinnitus
161
Cimetidine
Treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers
162
Cimetidine Mech.
H2 histamine antagonists that inhibits stomach acid production
163
Cimetidine Admin.
Oral, intravenous infusion, intramuscular injection
164
Cimetidine Adverse Effects
Headache, constipation, reversable mental confusion, disorientation in elderly, elevated serum liver enzymes
165
Diphenhydramine
H1 antihistamine mainly used to treat allergies
166
Diphenhydramine Mech.
Blocks certain effects of histamine
167
Diphenhydramine Admin.
Intravenous, intramuscular injection
168
Diphenhydramine Adverse Effects
Sleepiness, poor coordination, upset stomack
169
Dronabinol
Appetite stimulant, antiemetic, sleep apnea reliever; approved for chemo induced nausea and vomiting only
170
Dronabinol Mech.
Synthetic form of THC
171
Dronabinol Admin.
Oral
172
Epinephrine
Acute asthma and allergic reactions
173
Epinephrine Mech.
Nonselective beta adrenergic drug that increases the formation of intracellular cAMP
174
Epinephrine Admin.
Intramuscular
175
Epinephrine Adverse Effects
Increased heartbeat, sweating, headache, weakness, paleness, anxiety, dizziness
176
Loperamide
For irritable bowel syndrome; decrease the frequency of diarrhea
177
Loperamide Mech.
Mu-opioid receptor agonist
178
Loperamide Admin.
Oral
179
Loperamide Adverse Effects
Abdominal pain, constipation, sleepiness, vomiting, dry mouth
180
Loratadine (Claritin)
Allergy medication
181
Loratadine (Claritin) Mech.
Selective inverse agonist of peripheral histamine H1 receptors
182
Loratadine (Claritin) Admin.
Oral
183
Loratadine (Claritin) Adverse Effects
Sleepiness, dry mouth, headache
184
Misoprostol
Treat stomach ulcers and cause an abortion; inhibits the ulcerogenic effect of chronic high dose NSAIDs
185
Misoprostol Mech.
Binds to prostaglandins
186
Misoprostol Admin.
Mouth, vaginal, under the tongue
187
Misoprostol Adverse Effects
Diarrhea, headache, nausea, flatulence
188
Nedocromil
Best cell stabilizer, which helps with asthma; several weeks required for full effect
189
Nedocromil Admin.
Inhalation, eye drops
190
Nedocromil Adverse Effects
Headache, ocular burning, irritation, unpleasant taste, nasal congestion
191
Omeprazole
Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
192
Omeprazole Mech.
Proton-pump inhibitor
193
Omeprazole Admin.
Oral, intravenous
194
Omeprazole Adverse Effects
Headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation
195
Ondansetron
Prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemo and radiation therapy
196
Ondansetron Mech.
Serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonist
197
Ondansetron Admin.
Oral, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular
198
Ondansetron Adverse Effects
Diarrhea, constipation, headache, sleepiness, itchiness
199
Paregoric
Antidiarrheal, antitussive, analgesic
200
Paregoric Admin.
Oral
201
Paregoric Adverse Effects
Constipation, upset stomach, vomiting, stomach pain, drowsiness, dizziness
202
Ranitidine
Treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
203
Ranitidine Mech.
H2 receptor antagonist; decreases stomach acid production
204
Ranitidine Admin.
Oral, intravenous
205
Ranitidine Adverse Effects
Headache, constipation, reversible mental confusion, disorientation in elderly, elevated serum liver enzymes
206
Sucralfate
Aluminum hydroxide + sulfated sucrose that is used to promote healing of peptic ulcers; nonsystematic drug that exerts its effect locally in the GI tract; short-term treatment of duodenal uclers
207
Sucralfate Mech.
Forms a protective barrier over damaged gastric mucosa; inhibits pepsin activity and may absorb bile salts
208
Sucralfate Admin.
Oral tablet
209
Sucralfate Adverse Effects
Constipation
210
Terbutaline
Reliever inhaler in management of asthma
211
Terbutaline Mech.
B2 adrenergic receptor agonist
212
Terbutaline Admin.
Oral, inhalation, subcutaneous
213
Terbutaline Adverse Effects
Tachycardia, anxiety, nervousness, tremors, headache, hyperflycemia, hypokalemia, hypotension, pulmonary edema
214
Theophylline
Treatment of COPD and asthma
215
Theophylline Mech.
Increases cAMP levels to cause bronchodilation and inhibition of chemical mediator release from mast cells
216
Theophylline Admin.
Oral
217
Theophylline Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea, increase in heart rate, abnormal heart rhythms, CNS excitation
218
Zafirlukast
Chronic treatment of asthma
219
Zafirlukast Mech.
Leukotriene receptor antagonist; reduces the production of inflammatory mediators
220
Zafirlukast Admin.
Oral
221
Zafirlukast Adverse Effects
Headache, stomach upset, liver failure
222
Alendronate
Bisphosphonate drug used for treating osteoporosis and bone pain
223
Alendronate Mech.
Inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts
224
Alendronate Admin.
Oral
225
Alendronate Adverse Effects
Constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, acid reflux
226
Cortisone
Steroid hormone; main hormone released by the adrenal gland in response to stress; reduces inflammation and pain
227
Cortisone Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular
228
Cortisone Adverse Effects
Asthma, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, osteoporosis, anxiety, depression, cataracts, Cushing's, glaucoma
229
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid that treats rheumatic problems, allergies, asthma, etc.
230
Dexamethasone Mech.
Agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor
231
Dexamethasone Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, into bone marrow
232
Dexamethasone Adverse Effects
Thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, muscle weakness
233
Estradiol
Estrogen steroid hormone and major female sex hormone; involved in regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles; responsible for development of female secondary sexual characteristics
234
Estradiol Mech.
Agonist of the estrogen receptor
235
Estradiol Admin.
Oral, sublingual, intranasal, topical, vaginal, intramuscular, implant
236
Estradiol Adverse Effects
Cramps, anxiety, bloating, bleeding, breast enlargement and tenderness
237
Glipizide
Type 2 diabetes medication
238
Glipizide Mech.
Blocks potassium channels -> calcium influx encouraging insulin release from beta cells
239
Glipizide Admin.
Oral
240
Glipizide Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea, low blood sugar, headache, skin rash
241
Glyburide
Type 2 diabetes mellitus medication
242
Glyburide Mech.
Binds to and inhibits ATP sensitive potassium channels inhibitory regulatory subunit in pancreatic beta cells
243
Glyburide Admin.
Oral
244
Glyburide Adverse Effects
Stomach pain, fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice, pale skin, confusion
245
Hydrocortisone
Cortisol hormone used in adrenocortical insufficiency, COPD, etc;
246
Hydrocortisone Mech.
Corticosteroid hormone receptor agonist
247
Hydrocortisone Admin.
Oral, intravenous, topical,
248
Hydrocortisone Adverse Effects
Mood changes, swelling, osteoporosis, weakness, easy bruising
249
Metformin
First-line medication for type 2 medication, especially for people overweight; used in treatment of PCOS
250
Metformin Mech.
Not entirely understood
251
Metformin Admin.
Oral
252
Metformin Adverse Effects
Itchiness, hair loss, nausea, muscle pain, swelling, abdominal pain, low blood cell counts, liver failure
253
Methimazole
Used to treat hyperthyroidism and Graves disease
254
Methimazole Mech.
Inhibits the enzyme thyroperoxidase
255
Methimazole Admin.
Oral
256
Methimazole Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, numbness, rash, itching, hair loss, decreased sense of taste
257
Prednisolone
Glucocorticoid steroid to treat allergies and inflammations
258
Prednisolone Mech.
Binds to cytoplasmic receptors and inhibits DNA synthesis
259
Prednisolone Admin.
Oral, intravenous, topical
260
Prednisolone Adverse Effects
Nausea, tired, psychiatric problems, bone loss, weakness, easy bruising
261
Progesterone
Endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis; also used in menopausal hormone therapy
262
Progesterone Mech.
Exerts a negative feedback against LH and FSH
263
Progesterone Admin.
Oral, topical, vaginal, intramuscular, subcutaneous
264
Progesterone Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, irritability, depression, fluid retention, breast tenderness, weight gain, thrombophlebitis, double-vision
265
Sildenafil
"Viagra" used to treat erectile dysfunction
266
Sildenafil Mech.
Blocks phosphodiesterase 5, an enzyme that promotes the breakdown of cGMP
267
Sildenafil Admin.
Oral
268
Sildenafil Adverse Effects
Headache, flushing, nasal congestion, diarrhea, rash, upset stomach
269
Testosterone
Primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid; development of testes and prostate and promotes secondary sexual characteristics
270
Testosterone Mech.
Activates the androgen receptor or after conversion to 5aDHT
271
Testosterone Admin.
Topical, transdermal patch, intramuscular ingestion, oral
272
Testosterone Adverse Effects
Acne, swelling, breast enlargement, liver toxivity, heart disease
273
Tolbutamide
Management of type 2 diabetes
274
Tolbutamide Mech.
Potassium channel blockers that stimulate secretion of insulin by the pancreas
275
Tolbutamide Admin.
Oral
276
Tolbutamide Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypersensitivity, drug interactions
277
Triamcinolone
Glucocorticoid used to treat skin diseases, allergies and rheumatic disorders; prevent worsening of asthma and COPD
278
Triamcinolone Mech.
Corticosteroid hormone receptor agonist
279
Triamcinolone Admin.
Oral, topical, intramuscular
280
Triamcinolone Adverse Effects
Osteoporosis, cataracts, thrush, muscle weakness, psychosis, bronchospasm
281
Vasopressin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
282
Vasopressin Mech.
Hormone synthesized as a peptide pro hormone in the hypothalamus and converted into arginine vasopressin
283
Vasopressin Admin.
Intravenous, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous
284
Vasopressin Adverse Effects
Dizziness, angina, chest pain, abdominal cramps, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, trembling, fever, diarrhea, sweating, paleness
285
Acyclovir
Antiviral used for the treatment of viral infections, chickenpox, shingles and herpes
286
Acyclovir Mech.
Completely inhibits and inactivates HSV-specified DNA polymerases preventing further viral DNA synthesis
287
Acyclovir Admin.
Oral, intravenous, topical
288
Acyclovir Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea
289
Amantadine
Flu medication
290
Amantadine Mech.
Interference with the viral protein M2 channel
291
Amantadine Admin.
Oral
292
Amantadine Adverse Effects
Nervousness, anxiety, agitation, insomnia
293
Amoxicillin
Second generation penicillin; gram-positive and gram-negative
294
Amoxicillin Mech.
Inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis that leads to the death of a bacteria
295
Amoxicillin Admin.
Oral, intravenous
296
Amoxicillin Adverse Effects
Nausea, rash
297
Chloroquine
Treatment of malaria
298
Chloroquine Mech.
Attach to protozoa DNA and block the synthesis of critical proteins needed for protozoa to mature and/or reproduce
299
Chloroquine Admin.
Oral
300
Chloroquine Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, blurred vision, vertigo, rash
301
Ciprofloxacin
Antibiotic for bacterial infections
302
Ciprofloxacin Mech.
Inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which inhibits cell division
303
Ciprofloxacin Admin.
Oral, intravenous, topical
304
Ciprofloxacin Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash
305
Doxycycline
Antimalaria drug; most widely used tetracycline for antibiotics
306
Doxycycline Mech.
Prevents binding of tRNA to mRNA at the ribosomal subunit
307
Doxycycline Admin.
Oral, not with dairy or antacid products
308
Doxycycline Adverse Effects
GI disturbances, rash, photosensitivity
309
Doxorubicin
Chemotherapy medication used to treat leukemias and a variety of solid tumors
310
Doxorubicin Mech.
Inhibits the progression of topoisomerase II, an enzyme which relaxes supercoils in RNA for transcription
311
Doxorubicin Admin.
Intravenous
312
Doxorubicin Adverse Effects
Hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, inflammation of the mouth
313
Erythromycin
Macrolide antibiotic for respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia, syphilis, etc.; used in penicillin allergic patients for minor ear and throat infections
314
Erythromycin Mech.
Inhibits protein synthesis of bacteria
315
Erythromycin Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, topical, eye drops
316
Erythromycin Adverse Effects
Abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea
317
Fluconazole
Antifungal drug used to treat Candida
318
Fluconazole Mech.
Inhibits the fungal cyctochrome P450 enzyme
319
Fluconazole Admin.
Oral, intravenous, topical
320
Fluconazole Adverse Effects
Vomiting, diarrhea, rash, increased liver enzymes, liver problems, seizures
321
Gentamicin
Antibiotic for bone infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, UTI, sepsis, etc
322
Gentamicin Mech.
Binds to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome, negatively impacting protein synthesis
323
Gentamicin Admin.
Intravenous, eye drop, intramuscular, topical
324
Gentamicin Adverse Effects
Inner ear problems, kidney problems, balance, hearing loss
325
Leuprolide
Manufactured version of a hormone to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis
326
Leuprolide Mech.
Agonist of pituitary GnRH receptors; inhibit the release of FSH and LH
327
Leuprolide Admin.
Implant, injection
328
Leuprolide Adverse Effects
Hot flashes, unstable mood, trouble sleeping, headaches, pain at injection, high blood sugar
329
Metronidazole
Antidysentery drug that distributed to all tissues, including bone, bile, liver abscesses and intestines to reach all protozoa
330
Metronidazole Mech.
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells
331
Metronidazole Admin.
Oral, topical, rectal, intravenous, vaginal
332
Metronidazole Adverse Effects
Nausea, metallic taste, loss of appetite, headaches
333
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical meds
334
Neomycin Mech.
Active against streptomysin-resistant bacteria, including in the case of tuberculosis
335
Neomycin Admin.
Topical, oral
336
Neomycin Adverse Effects
Drowsiness, confusion, mood changes, thirst, loss of appetite, wight gain
337
Nystatin
Antifungal medication used for vaginal yeast infections, diaper rash, etc.
338
Nystatin Mech.
Ionophore that binds to ergosterol
339
Nystatin Admin.
Topical
340
Nystatin Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
341
Quinine
Treatment of malaria
342
Quinine Mech.
Attach to protozoa DNA and block the synthesis of critical proteins needed for protozoa to mature and/or reproduce
343
Quinine Admin.
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, rectal
344
Quinine Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, blurred vision, vertigo, rash, cinchonism
345
Ribavirin
Antiviral for RSV infection, hepatitis C, and viral hemorrhagic fever
346
Ribavirin Mech.
Guanosine analog used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping
347
Ribavirin Admin.
Oral, solution for inhalation
348
Ribavirin Adverse Effects
Feeling tired, headache, nausea, fever, muscle pains, irritable mood, red blood cell breakdown, liver problems
349
Saquinavir
Antiretroviral for AIDS/HIV
350
Saquinavir Mech.
Protease inhibitor
351
Saquinavir Admin.
Oral
352
Saquinavir Adverse Effects
Nausea, gastritis, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, arthralgia, edema, rash, hypertension, nephrotoxicity
353
Streptomycin
Antibiotic for tuberculosis, endocarditis, plague, etc.
354
Streptomycin Mech.
Protein synthesis inhibitor
355
Streptomycin Admin.
Intravenous, intramuscular
356
Streptomycin Adverse Effects
Spinning feeling, vomiting, face numbness, fever, rash
357
Sulfamethoxazole
Antibiotic for UTIs, bronchitis, and prostatitis
358
Sulfamethoxazole Mech.
Prevents folic acid synthesis in the bacteria that must synthesize their own folic acid
359
Sulfamethoxazole Admin.
Oral, intravenous
360
Sulfamethoxazole Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, skin rashes
361
Sulfasalazine
Medication for rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease
362
Sulfasalazine Admin.
Oral
363
Sulfasalazine Adverse Effects
Loss of appetite, nausea, headache, rash, bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney problems
364
Tamoxifen
Prevent and treat breast cancer and Albright syndrome
365
Tamoxifen Mech.
Estrogen receptor blocker
366
Tamoxifen Admin.
Oral
367
Tamoxifen Adverse Effects
Nausea, hot flashes, rash, menstrual irregularities
368
Vancomycin
Antimicrobial indicated for resistant Gm+ staphylococcal infections
369
Vancomycin Mech.
Inhibits proper cell wall synthesis in gram-positive bacteria
370
Vancomycin Admin.
Oral, intravenous
371
Vancomycin Adverse Effects
Pain in area of injection, allergic reactions, hearing loss, low BP, bone marrow suppression
372
Zidovudine
Antiretroviral used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS
373
Zidovudine Mech.
Thymidine analogue; selectively inhibits HIV's reverse transcriptase
374
Zidovudine Admin.
Oral, intravenous, rectal suppository
375
Zidovudine Adverse Effects
Nausea, gastritis, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, arthralgia, edema, rash, hypertension, nephrotoxicity
