Masses

Question 1

Carvernous hemangionmas (+association)

Answer 1

larger, dilated channels

deep tissue

do not regress

associated with Hoppel Lindau disease

Question 2

Kaposi Sarcoma pathogenesis

Answer 2

HHV 8 in 95% of lesions

infects indothelial cells

not limited to sexual contact

degree of expression affected by degree of immunosuppresion

Question 2

angiosarcoma associations

Answer 2

liver and arsenic,

thorotrast, PVC

Arm in patient with lymphedema post mastectomy

post readiation

Question 3

Carney syndrome

Answer 3

miultpiple cardiac/extracardiac myxomas (breat, skin, uterus)

spotty pigmentation

endocrine overactivity

AD and AR heridtity

Question 4

primary neoplasm, form on valves and embolize

Answer 4

papillary fibroeslastomas

Question 4

histology kaposi sarcoma

Answer 4

spindle cell lesions have vascular component > stain with vascular markers

spindle cells predominant in later stages

Question 5

Virchow’s Triad in thrombosis

Answer 5

endothelial injury

abnormal flow

hypercoagulability

Question 5

most common primary neoplasm of heart

Answer 5

myxoma (90% in atria, L:R =4:1)

sessile - flat within wall

or pendunculated ball

Question 5

Glomus tumor

Answer 5

modified smooth muscle cells (glomus)

small on digits, under nails

painful, easily excised

benign

Question 7

morphology Rhadomyoma

Answer 7

firm, white nodules

spireder cells (altered myocytes with vacuolation)

Question 8

rhadomyoma asociated with

Answer 8

tuberous sclerosis

Question 9

origins of systemic embolism

Answer 9

Heart/atrium.ventricle valve 80%

(2/3 with LV infarct, 1/4 with dilated left atria)

Atherosclerotic plaque (abd aorta, cortids)

Question 9

Lymphagnioma (+association)

Answer 9

benign lesion

simple - small, head neck, axilla

Cavernous/cystic - nect/axilla of infants/children

poorly circumscribed

large vessels w/no blood

associated wtih turner syndrome

Question 10

histology angiosarcoma

Answer 10

well differentiated form - abundant vascular channels

less differentiated form - solid spindle cell proliferation

Question 12

bacillary angiomatosis

Answer 12

bartonella infection in immunocompromised

capilliary prolif via HIF-1

Question 14

lines apprent grossly or microscopically produced by alternating layers of platelets, fibrin, and RBCs

Answer 14

Lines of Zahn

Question 15

Lymphoangiosarcoma

Answer 15

maligany lymphagnio

setting of chronic lymph obstruction (as in post axillary dissection lymphedema after radical mastectomy)

Question 16

Cappilary hemangiomas (+3 types)

Answer 16

skin, subQ, mucous membranes, some viscera

straberry - fades at 2y, regresses by 7

cherry - common with increasing age, don’t regress

pyogenic granulomas - reactive, ulcerate and bleed (pregnancy, trauma)

Question 17

treatment Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 17

resection/cryotherapy

radiation if limited area - chemo if disseminated

Decrease immunosuppresion if possible

Question 19

lymphatic African or endemic kaposi sarcoma

Answer 19

red/purple nodules on legs

south african Bantu children

extremely agressive

Question 20

Transplant associated Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 20

red/purple nodules on legs

localized or metastatic

lymph nodes, mucosa, viscera

cutaneous lesions may be absent,

regress if immuosuppresion decreased

Question 21

Most common HIV related malignancy

Answer 21

AIDs-associated Kaposi Sarcoma

Question 22

Chronic, classiv Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 22

multiple red/pruple nodules on legs

eastern europe/mediterranean/ashenazi Jews

Question 23

Angiosarcoma

Answer 23

malignant neoplasm of endothelia

older adults

skin, soft tissue, breast, liver