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Cardiovascular > Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

hyperplastic left heart syndrome

A

aortc atresia with intact VS

leads to hypoplastic left sided heart

depend on PFA to supply systemic system (RV flow)

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2
Q

clinical presentation postductal aortic coarction

A

Bicuspid AV in 50%

Surgically treatable HTN upper > Lower

reib notching on CXR

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3
Q

Complete AV septal defect

A

AVSD and common AV valve

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3
Q

sequelae isolated PV stensosi

A

RV dilatation and hypetrophy

post-stenotic injury to Pulmonary artery

may be asymptomatic until adulthood

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4
Q

sequelae aortic stensosi

A

LV hypertrophy and LA dilatation

systolic murmur

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5
Q

direction of VSD shunt

A

L to R, until R sided changes due to increasing Pul HTN shift to R>L

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6
Q

blood flood pattern PDA

A

at birth, from aorta > through PA > into RV

after right overload > hypertrophy,

RV > PA > Aorta

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6
Q

clinical presentation preductal (infantile) aortic coarction

A

bicuspid AV in 50%

lower body cyanosis (normal UE)

surgery in neonatal period

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7
Q

Partial AV septal defect

A

primum ASD and cleft Mitral Valve with MR

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7
Q

etiology Truncus arteriosus

A

failure of separation oaf embrylogic truncus into aorta and Pulmonary Artery

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7
Q

clinical sequelae truncus arteriosis

A

mixing of blood

increased pulmonary bloodflow > Pul HTN

cyanosis

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8
Q

Muscular VSD

A

small defect

closure spontaneous fibrous adhesion in 60% by 1 year

(multiple = swiss cheese)

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9
Q

perimemranous VSD

A

usually large

requires surgical closure

spontaneous closure by septal TV leaflet possible

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9
Q

AV septal defect associated ith

A

MV and TV anamoiles

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9
Q

most common form of cyanotic congenital HD

A

tertralogy of fallot

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10
Q

truncus arteriosis =

A

origin of aorta an dpulmonary artery from truncal arteral,

most have large VSD (needed for survival)

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11
Q

blood leaving the right ventricle is shunted to _____ via ____

A

to aorta via Ductus arteriorsis

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12
Q

features of PDA

A

machinery like murmur

usually seen in isolation

needed for survival in AV atresia, PV atresia

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13
Q

shunts that present cyanotic

A

R-L shunts

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14
Q

most common location of VSD

A

90% at membranous septum

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15
Q

in classic tetralogy of Fallot, ____ protects the lungs from overload due to RVH

A

sub-pulmonic stenosis

16
Q

symptoms of R-L shunt

A

cyanosis

digital clubbing

polycythemia

18
Q

chronic effects of ASD

A

RVH and dilation

RA and LA dilation

19
Q

Anomalies causing L-R shunt

A

ASD

VSD

PDA

AVSD

20
Q

physical features Tricuspid atresia

A

RV hypoplasia,

mitral valve enlarged (unequal division of common AV valve)

21
Q

sequelae Transposition of great arteries

A

aorta anterior and right of pulmonary

pulmonary+systemic circulation seperate

RVH

Pulmonary HTN (unilis pulmonary stenosis present)

21
Q

associated with digeorge

A

truncus arteriosis

23
Q

in right to left shunts, paradoxical emboli occur when

A

clots or gas bubbles are not filtered by lugns and pass directly into systemic

24
Q

two types of aortic coarction

A

preductal - infantile = tubular hypoplasia with PDA

post ductal-adult = ridgelike infolding at ligament without PDA

26
Q

L-R shunts result in

A

increased pulmonary blood flow

pul HTN, RV hypertrophy

eventually shifts to R-L shunt

27
Q

pulmonary vasculature tolerates increase in ___ well but not increases in ____

A

increased in flow, not increases in pressure

28
Q

most abnormalities arise during

A

weeks 3-8 of embryogenesis

29
Q

clinical features ASD

A

often asymptomatic

paradoxical embolism

31
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

anterior superior displacement of infundibular septum leads to

  • VSD

subpulmonary stenosis

  • overriding aorta
  • RV hypertrophy
32
Q

complete AVS association,

treatment

A

downs syndrome,

early surgical correction

33
Q

tricuspid atresis blood pattern

A

no flow into RV, must flow through ASD or PFO to reach left ventricle,

need VSD to reach RV, oxygenate blood in lungs

34
Q

blood in the IVC is shunted to ____ via ____

A

left atrium via oval foramen

35
Q

etiology total anamalous pulmonary venous return

A

pulmonary vein fails to develop or regress

37
Q

shunts that present with late cyanotic

A

L-R shunts

39
Q

normal ductus arteriorus closure timelien

A

fxl closure at 12h

structural at 3 months

40
Q

oxygen rich blood from the placenta is shunted around the liver via

A

ductus venosus

40
Q

late effects of CHD

A

endocarditis

hyperviscosity

Pulm HTN and shunt reversal (eisenmeiger complex)

Childbearing risk

residual post-surgical pathology

41
Q

plexogenic pulmonary HTN

A

medial hypertrohpy

intimal proliferation

plexiform lesions

(VSD > PDA >> ASD)

42
Q

sequelae of Ebstein anomaly of tricuspid

A

RV and RA dilatations

arrhythmieas (WPW due to conduction disrupt by stretching)

44
Q

locations of ADD

A

Secoundum (at dossa ovalis) (90%)

Primum, adjacent to AV valves

Sinus venosus, near SVC entrance

46
Q

ebstein anomaly of tricuspid vavle

A

inferioal displaced and adherent septal and posterior leaflets.

reduntant anterir leaftlet,dilataed annulus with Tricuspid regurgitaion

47
Q

sequelae PV atresia with intact VS

A

hypoplastic RV and TV

PDA needed to get blood to lungs

Pulm artery dilatation, RVH and RA dilatation

48
Q

total anamalous pulmonary venous return =

A

pulmonary veins not to LA > LA hypoplasia

conenct via left innominate vein or coronary sinus

ASD/PFO allows oxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation

49
Q

exam finding tetralogy of fallot

A

boot shaped heart

50
Q

most common congenital heart abnormality

A

membranous VSD

51
Q

anamolies with R-L shunts

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

Transposition of great arteries

tricuspid atresia

Total aomalous pulmonary venous connection

Cardiovascular (39 decks)

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