Mary I - The Social Impact of Religious and Economic Changes Flashcards
What problems did Mary face?
Protestantism was a minority faith but there were adherents in London
The reformed Protestant Church of England was protected in legislation
Many political elites had benefited from the selling of monastic lands.
How did Mary cautiously begin?
Protestant clergy, including 7 bishops, were deprived of their livings and foreign Protestants were ordered to leave the country
When was the first Statute of Repeal?
October 1553 - religious laws passed under Edward were repealed, order of service at the time of Henry VIII was restored, all married clergy deprived of their livings and the legal status of the Church of England was upheld
What happened in Mary’s third parliament?
November 1554 to January 1555
Cardinal Pole arrived in England in November in 1554 to take up the position of legate and Archbishop of Canterbury.
Parliament reversed a Henrician Act of Attainder that had been passed against Pole.
Heresy laws were repealed
What was the issue with the former churchlands?
There were furious debates between Pole and councillors who asserted the view that no foreigner could have jurisdiction over English property.
What was the second act of repeal?
January 1555 - Act revoking royal supremacy was passed. Mary had been forced to acknowledge the jurisdiction of statute law in matters involving religion.
What happened when Pope Julius III died?
He died in 1555 and was succeeded by the anti-Spanish Paul IV. He was hostile to Mary’s husband Philip and was suspicious of Pole whom he regarded as a heretic. His hostility was demonstrated in open hostility towards the Spanish side in a war which broke out in 1555 into which England was dragged.
What happened to Pole?
Paul IV dismissed him as papal legate in April 1557. He could no longer supervise the English Church on behalf of the Pope. Mary refused to let him go to Rome to face his heresy charge. Mary in effect refused to acknowledge the superior papal authority of the new legate Peto.
What was Foxe’s Book of Martyrs?
Published in 1563 and went through five editions in Elizabeth’s reign. It condemned Mary for her cruelty and ungodliness and recorded the fate of her victims at length.
When were the first burnings for heresy?
February 1555
When was Cranmer burnt?
21 March 1556
How many Protestants were burnt?
280 including 21 clergymen and 8 victims from the gentry
What were the effects of the burnings?
The first two victims, Rogers and Taylor, were chosen on account of their popularity as preachers. Their deaths elicited widespread public sympathy, which was strengthened when the range included humble persons as it led to martyrdom.
What were the council’s measures with the burnings?
They attempted to ban servants, apprentices and the young from attending burnings. They failed to extinguish heresy and it did nothing for Mary’s reputation
What was the legatine synod?
A joint assembly summoned by the papal legate. 1555 - 56.
Bishops were to reside in their dioceses, they were to preach and they were to oversee carefully the religious life of their parishes.
A proposal that was never put into effect was that each cathedral should have a seminary attached for the training of new recruits into priesthood.
