Henry VII - Economic development Flashcards
What was the change in agriculture?
Greater move towards sheep farming in 1480’s and 90’s. There was a decreased profitability in crop farming.
Efficiency gains meant peasants lost access to their land and common rights.
What was the layout of England in terms of agriculture?
Mixed farming (crops and animals) was found in the south-east
Pastoral farming (animals) predominated in the north-west and woodland areas.
What was open field husbandry?
The manor was a specific landed estate whose tenants farmed strips of land in open fields and enjoyed common rights
What was cloth trade like?
Responsible for 90% of British exports.
Increase of over 60% in the volume of cloth exports
Offered more opportunities for rural employment
Shipped mainly through the merchants of Staple
Who were the merchant adventurers?
Exported increasing proportion of finished cloth
Reinforced London’s commercial dominance and established commercial interest with Antwerp
Voice of industry and were used in negotiating Intercursus magnus and malus
What was the hanseatic league?
Group of free cities that came together to form a commercial union with the intention of controlling trade in the Baltic sea
Privileges reasserted in treaties in 1474 and 1504.
Why did Henry need the support of the Hanseatic league?
He needed to ensure they wouldn’t offer support to the Yorkist Earl of Suffolk
This limited development of English trading interests in the Baltic
What restrictions were placed on trade?
Navigation acts of 1485 and 1489 encouraged English shipping by ensuring that only English ships could carry certain products to and from English ports
What was the intercursus magnus?
Set down that English merchants could export to any part of the Duke of Burgundy’s land apart from Flanders.
Merchants would be granted swift and fair justice
Effective arrangements were put in place for the resolution of disputes
What was the intercursus malus?
Never became fully operative and the following year it went back to the magnus.
Who was John Cabot?
Arrived in Bristol in 94 or 95
Fish merchants were looking for alternative fishing grounds to exploit
He received authorisation from Henry and sailed in 1497
Discovered Newfoundland and reported existence of fishing grounds.
Never returned from 2nd voyage the following year.
What were the Navigation Acts?
1485 and 1489 to try and encourage English shipping by trying to ensure that only English ships could carry certain products to and from English ports. This legislation only had limited usefulness, as foreign vessels continued to transport a substantial portion of English exports.
